泛型 class 之外的函数定义产生编译错误

Definition of a function outside of a generic class is producing a compilation error

上下文

我编写了以下最小工作示例

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
struct A {
  enum myenum {faa, fee, fii};
  myenum m_m;
  A(const myenum& m = faa): m_m(m) {}
};

int main() {
  A<int> a1;
  A<int> a2(A<int>::fii);

  std::cout << a1.m_m << std::endl
            << a2.m_m << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

编译并执行它的结果是

$ g++ main.cpp && ./a.out
0
2

问题

但是,当函数的定义写在class之外(即如下图)

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
struct A {
  enum myenum {faa, fee, fii};
  myenum m_m;
  A(const myenum& m);
};

template <typename T>
A<T>::A(const myenum& m = A<T>::faa): m_m(m) {}

int main() {
  A<int> a2(A<int>::fii);

  std::cout << a2.m_m << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

我得到以下编译错误

$ g++ main.cpp && ./a.out
main.cpp:11:1: error: redeclaration of ‘A<T>::A(const A<T>::myenum&)’ may not have default arguments [-fpermissive]
   11 | A<T>::A(const myenum& m = A<T>::faa): m_m(m) {}
      | ^~~~

问题

我怎样才能摆脱这个编译错误?

您必须在声明中指定 default argument,并将其从定义中删除。

For member functions of class templates, all defaults must be provided in the initial declaration of the member function.

template <typename T>
struct A {
  enum myenum {faa, fee, fii};
  myenum m_m;
  A(const myenum& m = faa);
};

template <typename T>
A<T>::A(const myenum& m): m_m(m) {}