在 Powershell 中，`[Math].GetMethods()` 与 [Math]::<method_name> 形式的方法有何不同？
In Powershell, how does `[Math].GetMethods()` differ from methods in form of [Math]::<method_name>?
我最近学习了一种新方法 [Math].GetMethods() returns class 拥有的所有方法。这让我感到困惑，因为我认为 PowerShell 中 class 的所有静态方法都必须使用静态成员运算符 :: 以 [Math]::<method_name> 的形式调用。而且没有[Math]::GetMethods().
这样的方法
你能帮忙澄清一下这个困惑吗？
[Math].<method_name> 和 [Math]::<method_name> 有什么区别？
谢谢。
这里::用于调用对象的静态方法。如果将变量设置为对象的实例，则 . 可用于调用方法。喜欢：
# static methods
PS C:\Users\Administrator> [system.diagnostics.process] | gm -static
TypeName: System.Diagnostics.Process
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
EnterDebugMode Method static void EnterDebugMode()
Equals Method static bool Equals(System.Object objA, System.Object objB)
GetCurrentProcess Method static System.Diagnostics.Process GetCurrentProcess()
GetProcessById Method static System.Diagnostics.Process GetProcessById(int processId, string machineName), s...
GetProcesses Method static System.Diagnostics.Process[] GetProcesses(), static System.Diagnostics.Process[...
GetProcessesByName Method static System.Diagnostics.Process[] GetProcessesByName(string processName), static Sys...
LeaveDebugMode Method static void LeaveDebugMode()
new Method System.Diagnostics.Process new()
ReferenceEquals Method static bool ReferenceEquals(System.Object objA, System.Object objB)
Start Method static System.Diagnostics.Process Start(string fileName, string userName, securestring...
# other methods
PS C:\Users\Administrator> [system.diagnostics.process] | gm
TypeName: System.RuntimeType
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
AsType Method type AsType()
Clone Method System.Object Clone(), System.Object ICloneable.Clone()
Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj), bool Equals(type o), bool _MemberInfo.Equa...
FindInterfaces Method type[] FindInterfaces(System.Reflection.TypeFilter filter, System.Object f...
FindMembers Method System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] FindMembers(System.Reflection.MemberTypes m...
GetArrayRank Method int GetArrayRank(), int _Type.GetArrayRank()
GetConstructor Method System.Reflection.ConstructorInfo GetConstructor(System.Reflection.Binding...
GetConstructors Method System.Reflection.ConstructorInfo[] GetConstructors(System.Reflection.Bind...
GetCustomAttributes Method System.Object[] GetCustomAttributes(bool inherit), System.Object[] GetCust...
GetCustomAttributesData Method System.Collections.Generic.IList[System.Reflection.CustomAttributeData] Ge...
GetDeclaredEvent Method System.Reflection.EventInfo GetDeclaredEvent(string name)
GetDeclaredField Method System.Reflection.FieldInfo GetDeclaredField(string name)
GetDeclaredMethod Method System.Reflection.MethodInfo GetDeclaredMethod(string name)
GetDeclaredMethods Method System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.MethodInfo] GetDe...
GetDeclaredNestedType Method System.Reflection.TypeInfo GetDeclaredNestedType(string name)
GetDeclaredProperty Method System.Reflection.PropertyInfo GetDeclaredProperty(string name)
GetDefaultMembers Method System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] GetDefaultMembers(), System.Reflection.Memb...
GetElementType Method type GetElementType(), type _Type.GetElementType()
GetEnumName Method string GetEnumName(System.Object value)
GetEnumNames Method string[] GetEnumNames()
GetEnumUnderlyingType Method type GetEnumUnderlyingType()
GetEnumValues Method array GetEnumValues()
GetEvent Method System.Reflection.EventInfo GetEvent(string name, System.Reflection.Bindin...
GetEvents Method System.Reflection.EventInfo[] GetEvents(System.Reflection.BindingFlags bin...
GetField Method System.Reflection.FieldInfo GetField(string name, System.Reflection.Bindin...
GetFields Method System.Reflection.FieldInfo[] GetFields(System.Reflection.BindingFlags bin...
GetGenericArguments Method type[] GetGenericArguments()
GetGenericParameterConstraints Method type[] GetGenericParameterConstraints()
GetGenericTypeDefinition Method type GetGenericTypeDefinition()
GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode(), int _MemberInfo.GetHashCode(), int _Type.GetHashCode()
GetIDsOfNames Method void _MemberInfo.GetIDsOfNames([ref] guid riid, System.IntPtr rgszNames, u...
GetInterface Method type GetInterface(string fullname, bool ignoreCase), type GetInterface(str...
GetInterfaceMap Method System.Reflection.InterfaceMapping GetInterfaceMap(type ifaceType), System...
GetInterfaces Method type[] GetInterfaces(), type[] _Type.GetInterfaces()
GetMember Method System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] GetMember(string name, System.Reflection.Me...
GetMembers Method System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] GetMembers(System.Reflection.BindingFlags b...
GetMethod Method System.Reflection.MethodInfo GetMethod(string name, System.Reflection.Bind...
GetMethods Method System.Reflection.MethodInfo[] GetMethods(System.Reflection.BindingFlags b...
GetNestedType Method type GetNestedType(string fullname, System.Reflection.BindingFlags binding...
GetNestedTypes Method type[] GetNestedTypes(System.Reflection.BindingFlags bindingAttr), type[] ...
GetObjectData Method void GetObjectData(System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info, Sy...
GetProperties Method System.Reflection.PropertyInfo[] GetProperties(System.Reflection.BindingFl...
GetProperty Method System.Reflection.PropertyInfo GetProperty(string name, System.Reflection....
GetType Method type GetType(), type _MemberInfo.GetType(), type _Type.GetType()
GetTypeInfo Method void _MemberInfo.GetTypeInfo(uint32 iTInfo, uint32 lcid, System.IntPtr ppT...
GetTypeInfoCount Method void _MemberInfo.GetTypeInfoCount([ref] uint32 pcTInfo), void _Type.GetTyp...
Invoke Method void _MemberInfo.Invoke(uint32 dispIdMember, [ref] guid riid, uint32 lcid,...
InvokeMember Method System.Object InvokeMember(string name, System.Reflection.BindingFlags bin...
IsAssignableFrom Method bool IsAssignableFrom(System.Reflection.TypeInfo typeInfo), bool IsAssigna...
IsDefined Method bool IsDefined(type attributeType, bool inherit), bool ICustomAttributePro...
IsEnumDefined Method bool IsEnumDefined(System.Object value)
IsEquivalentTo Method bool IsEquivalentTo(type other)
IsInstanceOfType Method bool IsInstanceOfType(System.Object o), bool _Type.IsInstanceOfType(System...
IsSubclassOf Method bool IsSubclassOf(type type), bool _Type.IsSubclassOf(type c)
MakeArrayType Method type MakeArrayType(), type MakeArrayType(int rank)
MakeByRefType Method type MakeByRefType()
MakeGenericType Method type MakeGenericType(Params type[] instantiation)
MakePointerType Method type MakePointerType()
ToString Method string ToString(), string _MemberInfo.ToString(), string _Type.ToString()
Assembly Property System.Reflection.Assembly Assembly {get;}
AssemblyQualifiedName Property string AssemblyQualifiedName {get;}
Attributes Property System.Reflection.TypeAttributes Attributes {get;}
BaseType Property type BaseType {get;}
ContainsGenericParameters Property bool ContainsGenericParameters {get;}
CustomAttributes Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.CustomAttributeDa...
DeclaredConstructors Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.ConstructorInfo] ...
DeclaredEvents Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.EventInfo] Declar...
DeclaredFields Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.FieldInfo] Declar...
DeclaredMembers Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.MemberInfo] Decla...
DeclaredMethods Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.MethodInfo] Decla...
DeclaredNestedTypes Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.TypeInfo] Declare...
DeclaredProperties Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.PropertyInfo] Dec...
DeclaringMethod Property System.Reflection.MethodBase DeclaringMethod {get;}
DeclaringType Property type DeclaringType {get;}
FullName Property string FullName {get;}
GenericParameterAttributes Property System.Reflection.GenericParameterAttributes GenericParameterAttributes {g...
GenericParameterPosition Property int GenericParameterPosition {get;}
GenericTypeArguments Property type[] GenericTypeArguments {get;}
GenericTypeParameters Property type[] GenericTypeParameters {get;}
GUID Property guid GUID {get;}
HasElementType Property bool HasElementType {get;}
ImplementedInterfaces Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[type] ImplementedInterfaces {get;}
IsAbstract Property bool IsAbstract {get;}
IsAnsiClass Property bool IsAnsiClass {get;}
IsArray Property bool IsArray {get;}
IsAutoClass Property bool IsAutoClass {get;}
IsAutoLayout Property bool IsAutoLayout {get;}
IsByRef Property bool IsByRef {get;}
IsClass Property bool IsClass {get;}
IsCOMObject Property bool IsCOMObject {get;}
IsConstructedGenericType Property bool IsConstructedGenericType {get;}
IsContextful Property bool IsContextful {get;}
IsEnum Property bool IsEnum {get;}
IsExplicitLayout Property bool IsExplicitLayout {get;}
IsGenericParameter Property bool IsGenericParameter {get;}
IsGenericType Property bool IsGenericType {get;}
IsGenericTypeDefinition Property bool IsGenericTypeDefinition {get;}
IsImport Property bool IsImport {get;}
IsInterface Property bool IsInterface {get;}
IsLayoutSequential Property bool IsLayoutSequential {get;}
IsMarshalByRef Property bool IsMarshalByRef {get;}
IsNested Property bool IsNested {get;}
IsNestedAssembly Property bool IsNestedAssembly {get;}
IsNestedFamANDAssem Property bool IsNestedFamANDAssem {get;}
IsNestedFamily Property bool IsNestedFamily {get;}
IsNestedFamORAssem Property bool IsNestedFamORAssem {get;}
IsNestedPrivate Property bool IsNestedPrivate {get;}
IsNestedPublic Property bool IsNestedPublic {get;}
IsNotPublic Property bool IsNotPublic {get;}
IsPointer Property bool IsPointer {get;}
IsPrimitive Property bool IsPrimitive {get;}
IsPublic Property bool IsPublic {get;}
IsSealed Property bool IsSealed {get;}
IsSecurityCritical Property bool IsSecurityCritical {get;}
IsSecuritySafeCritical Property bool IsSecuritySafeCritical {get;}
IsSecurityTransparent Property bool IsSecurityTransparent {get;}
IsSerializable Property bool IsSerializable {get;}
IsSpecialName Property bool IsSpecialName {get;}
IsUnicodeClass Property bool IsUnicodeClass {get;}
IsValueType Property bool IsValueType {get;}
IsVisible Property bool IsVisible {get;}
MemberType Property System.Reflection.MemberTypes MemberType {get;}
MetadataToken Property int MetadataToken {get;}
Module Property System.Reflection.Module Module {get;}
Name Property string Name {get;}
Namespace Property string Namespace {get;}
ReflectedType Property type ReflectedType {get;}
StructLayoutAttribute Property System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayoutAttribute StructLayoutAttribute...
TypeHandle Property System.RuntimeTypeHandle TypeHandle {get;}
TypeInitializer Property System.Reflection.ConstructorInfo TypeInitializer {get;}
UnderlyingSystemType Property type UnderlyingSystemType {get;}
# call a static method with ::
PS C:\Users\Administrator> [system.diagnostics.process]::start('notepad.exe')
Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName
------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------
28 3 468 2200 0.05 9176 2 notepad
# set variable to instance of an object
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $proc = get-process notepad
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $proc | gm
# list the methods and properties
TypeName: System.Diagnostics.Process
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Handles AliasProperty Handles = Handlecount
Name AliasProperty Name = ProcessName
NPM AliasProperty NPM = NonpagedSystemMemorySize64
PM AliasProperty PM = PagedMemorySize64
SI AliasProperty SI = SessionId
VM AliasProperty VM = VirtualMemorySize64
WS AliasProperty WS = WorkingSet64
Disposed Event System.EventHandler Disposed(System.Object, System.EventArgs)
ErrorDataReceived Event System.Diagnostics.DataReceivedEventHandler ErrorDataReceived(System.Objec...
Exited Event System.EventHandler Exited(System.Object, System.EventArgs)
OutputDataReceived Event System.Diagnostics.DataReceivedEventHandler OutputDataReceived(System.Obje...
BeginErrorReadLine Method void BeginErrorReadLine()
BeginOutputReadLine Method void BeginOutputReadLine()
CancelErrorRead Method void CancelErrorRead()
CancelOutputRead Method void CancelOutputRead()
Close Method void Close()
CloseMainWindow Method bool CloseMainWindow()
CreateObjRef Method System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjRef CreateObjRef(type requestedType)
Dispose Method void Dispose(), void IDisposable.Dispose()
Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj)
GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode()
GetLifetimeService Method System.Object GetLifetimeService()
GetType Method type GetType()
InitializeLifetimeService Method System.Object InitializeLifetimeService()
Kill Method void Kill()
Refresh Method void Refresh()
Start Method bool Start()
ToString Method string ToString()
WaitForExit Method bool WaitForExit(int milliseconds), void WaitForExit()
WaitForInputIdle Method bool WaitForInputIdle(int milliseconds), bool WaitForInputIdle()
__NounName NoteProperty string __NounName=Process
BasePriority Property int BasePriority {get;}
Container Property System.ComponentModel.IContainer Container {get;}
EnableRaisingEvents Property bool EnableRaisingEvents {get;set;}
ExitCode Property int ExitCode {get;}
ExitTime Property datetime ExitTime {get;}
Handle Property System.IntPtr Handle {get;}
HandleCount Property int HandleCount {get;}
HasExited Property bool HasExited {get;}
Id Property int Id {get;}
MachineName Property string MachineName {get;}
MainModule Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessModule MainModule {get;}
MainWindowHandle Property System.IntPtr MainWindowHandle {get;}
MainWindowTitle Property string MainWindowTitle {get;}
MaxWorkingSet Property System.IntPtr MaxWorkingSet {get;set;}
MinWorkingSet Property System.IntPtr MinWorkingSet {get;set;}
Modules Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessModuleCollection Modules {get;}
NonpagedSystemMemorySize Property int NonpagedSystemMemorySize {get;}
NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 Property long NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 {get;}
PagedMemorySize Property int PagedMemorySize {get;}
PagedMemorySize64 Property long PagedMemorySize64 {get;}
PagedSystemMemorySize Property int PagedSystemMemorySize {get;}
PagedSystemMemorySize64 Property long PagedSystemMemorySize64 {get;}
PeakPagedMemorySize Property int PeakPagedMemorySize {get;}
PeakPagedMemorySize64 Property long PeakPagedMemorySize64 {get;}
PeakVirtualMemorySize Property int PeakVirtualMemorySize {get;}
PeakVirtualMemorySize64 Property long PeakVirtualMemorySize64 {get;}
PeakWorkingSet Property int PeakWorkingSet {get;}
PeakWorkingSet64 Property long PeakWorkingSet64 {get;}
PriorityBoostEnabled Property bool PriorityBoostEnabled {get;set;}
PriorityClass Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessPriorityClass PriorityClass {get;set;}
PrivateMemorySize Property int PrivateMemorySize {get;}
PrivateMemorySize64 Property long PrivateMemorySize64 {get;}
PrivilegedProcessorTime Property timespan PrivilegedProcessorTime {get;}
ProcessName Property string ProcessName {get;}
ProcessorAffinity Property System.IntPtr ProcessorAffinity {get;set;}
Responding Property bool Responding {get;}
SafeHandle Property Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles.SafeProcessHandle SafeHandle {get;}
SessionId Property int SessionId {get;}
Site Property System.ComponentModel.ISite Site {get;set;}
StandardError Property System.IO.StreamReader StandardError {get;}
StandardInput Property System.IO.StreamWriter StandardInput {get;}
StandardOutput Property System.IO.StreamReader StandardOutput {get;}
StartInfo Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo StartInfo {get;set;}
StartTime Property datetime StartTime {get;}
SynchronizingObject Property System.ComponentModel.ISynchronizeInvoke SynchronizingObject {get;set;}
Threads Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessThreadCollection Threads {get;}
TotalProcessorTime Property timespan TotalProcessorTime {get;}
UserProcessorTime Property timespan UserProcessorTime {get;}
VirtualMemorySize Property int VirtualMemorySize {get;}
VirtualMemorySize64 Property long VirtualMemorySize64 {get;}
WorkingSet Property int WorkingSet {get;}
WorkingSet64 Property long WorkingSet64 {get;}
PSConfiguration PropertySet PSConfiguration {Name, Id, PriorityClass, FileVersion}
PSResources PropertySet PSResources {Name, Id, Handlecount, WorkingSet, NonPagedMemorySize, PagedM...
Company ScriptProperty System.Object Company {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.CompanyName;}
CPU ScriptProperty System.Object CPU {get=$this.TotalProcessorTime.TotalSeconds;}
Description ScriptProperty System.Object Description {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.FileDescri...
FileVersion ScriptProperty System.Object FileVersion {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.FileVersion;}
Path ScriptProperty System.Object Path {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileName;}
Product ScriptProperty System.Object Product {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.ProductName;}
ProductVersion ScriptProperty System.Object ProductVersion {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.Product...
# call one with .
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $proc.Kill()
GetMethods() 来自 Sysem.Type，所以你根本没有调用 Math 的成员。
当你使用[math]类型加速器时，它会return一个RuntimeType对象。像这样，
[math].gettype()
IsPublic IsSerial Name BaseType
-------- -------- ---- --------
False True RuntimeType System.Reflection.TypeInfo
现在，如果像这样通过成员访问运算符 . 调用 Math class 静态方法，
[math].abs(-42)
Method invocation failed because [System.RuntimeType] does not contain a method named 'abs'.
At line:1 char:1
+ [math].abs(-42)
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (:) [], ParentContainsErrorRecordException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound
有一条错误信息。请注意，System.RuntimeType 抱怨 non-existing 方法 abs。
要调用Math的静态成员，需要使用静态成员运算符::。
[math]::abs(-42)
42
我最近学习了一种新方法 [Math].GetMethods() returns class 拥有的所有方法。这让我感到困惑，因为我认为 PowerShell 中 class 的所有静态方法都必须使用静态成员运算符 :: 以 [Math]::<method_name> 的形式调用。而且没有[Math]::GetMethods().
你能帮忙澄清一下这个困惑吗？
[Math].<method_name> 和 [Math]::<method_name> 有什么区别？
谢谢。
这里::用于调用对象的静态方法。如果将变量设置为对象的实例，则 . 可用于调用方法。喜欢：
# static methods
PS C:\Users\Administrator> [system.diagnostics.process] | gm -static
TypeName: System.Diagnostics.Process
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
EnterDebugMode Method static void EnterDebugMode()
Equals Method static bool Equals(System.Object objA, System.Object objB)
GetCurrentProcess Method static System.Diagnostics.Process GetCurrentProcess()
GetProcessById Method static System.Diagnostics.Process GetProcessById(int processId, string machineName), s...
GetProcesses Method static System.Diagnostics.Process[] GetProcesses(), static System.Diagnostics.Process[...
GetProcessesByName Method static System.Diagnostics.Process[] GetProcessesByName(string processName), static Sys...
LeaveDebugMode Method static void LeaveDebugMode()
new Method System.Diagnostics.Process new()
ReferenceEquals Method static bool ReferenceEquals(System.Object objA, System.Object objB)
Start Method static System.Diagnostics.Process Start(string fileName, string userName, securestring...
# other methods
PS C:\Users\Administrator> [system.diagnostics.process] | gm
TypeName: System.RuntimeType
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
AsType Method type AsType()
Clone Method System.Object Clone(), System.Object ICloneable.Clone()
Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj), bool Equals(type o), bool _MemberInfo.Equa...
FindInterfaces Method type[] FindInterfaces(System.Reflection.TypeFilter filter, System.Object f...
FindMembers Method System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] FindMembers(System.Reflection.MemberTypes m...
GetArrayRank Method int GetArrayRank(), int _Type.GetArrayRank()
GetConstructor Method System.Reflection.ConstructorInfo GetConstructor(System.Reflection.Binding...
GetConstructors Method System.Reflection.ConstructorInfo[] GetConstructors(System.Reflection.Bind...
GetCustomAttributes Method System.Object[] GetCustomAttributes(bool inherit), System.Object[] GetCust...
GetCustomAttributesData Method System.Collections.Generic.IList[System.Reflection.CustomAttributeData] Ge...
GetDeclaredEvent Method System.Reflection.EventInfo GetDeclaredEvent(string name)
GetDeclaredField Method System.Reflection.FieldInfo GetDeclaredField(string name)
GetDeclaredMethod Method System.Reflection.MethodInfo GetDeclaredMethod(string name)
GetDeclaredMethods Method System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.MethodInfo] GetDe...
GetDeclaredNestedType Method System.Reflection.TypeInfo GetDeclaredNestedType(string name)
GetDeclaredProperty Method System.Reflection.PropertyInfo GetDeclaredProperty(string name)
GetDefaultMembers Method System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] GetDefaultMembers(), System.Reflection.Memb...
GetElementType Method type GetElementType(), type _Type.GetElementType()
GetEnumName Method string GetEnumName(System.Object value)
GetEnumNames Method string[] GetEnumNames()
GetEnumUnderlyingType Method type GetEnumUnderlyingType()
GetEnumValues Method array GetEnumValues()
GetEvent Method System.Reflection.EventInfo GetEvent(string name, System.Reflection.Bindin...
GetEvents Method System.Reflection.EventInfo[] GetEvents(System.Reflection.BindingFlags bin...
GetField Method System.Reflection.FieldInfo GetField(string name, System.Reflection.Bindin...
GetFields Method System.Reflection.FieldInfo[] GetFields(System.Reflection.BindingFlags bin...
GetGenericArguments Method type[] GetGenericArguments()
GetGenericParameterConstraints Method type[] GetGenericParameterConstraints()
GetGenericTypeDefinition Method type GetGenericTypeDefinition()
GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode(), int _MemberInfo.GetHashCode(), int _Type.GetHashCode()
GetIDsOfNames Method void _MemberInfo.GetIDsOfNames([ref] guid riid, System.IntPtr rgszNames, u...
GetInterface Method type GetInterface(string fullname, bool ignoreCase), type GetInterface(str...
GetInterfaceMap Method System.Reflection.InterfaceMapping GetInterfaceMap(type ifaceType), System...
GetInterfaces Method type[] GetInterfaces(), type[] _Type.GetInterfaces()
GetMember Method System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] GetMember(string name, System.Reflection.Me...
GetMembers Method System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] GetMembers(System.Reflection.BindingFlags b...
GetMethod Method System.Reflection.MethodInfo GetMethod(string name, System.Reflection.Bind...
GetMethods Method System.Reflection.MethodInfo[] GetMethods(System.Reflection.BindingFlags b...
GetNestedType Method type GetNestedType(string fullname, System.Reflection.BindingFlags binding...
GetNestedTypes Method type[] GetNestedTypes(System.Reflection.BindingFlags bindingAttr), type[] ...
GetObjectData Method void GetObjectData(System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info, Sy...
GetProperties Method System.Reflection.PropertyInfo[] GetProperties(System.Reflection.BindingFl...
GetProperty Method System.Reflection.PropertyInfo GetProperty(string name, System.Reflection....
GetType Method type GetType(), type _MemberInfo.GetType(), type _Type.GetType()
GetTypeInfo Method void _MemberInfo.GetTypeInfo(uint32 iTInfo, uint32 lcid, System.IntPtr ppT...
GetTypeInfoCount Method void _MemberInfo.GetTypeInfoCount([ref] uint32 pcTInfo), void _Type.GetTyp...
Invoke Method void _MemberInfo.Invoke(uint32 dispIdMember, [ref] guid riid, uint32 lcid,...
InvokeMember Method System.Object InvokeMember(string name, System.Reflection.BindingFlags bin...
IsAssignableFrom Method bool IsAssignableFrom(System.Reflection.TypeInfo typeInfo), bool IsAssigna...
IsDefined Method bool IsDefined(type attributeType, bool inherit), bool ICustomAttributePro...
IsEnumDefined Method bool IsEnumDefined(System.Object value)
IsEquivalentTo Method bool IsEquivalentTo(type other)
IsInstanceOfType Method bool IsInstanceOfType(System.Object o), bool _Type.IsInstanceOfType(System...
IsSubclassOf Method bool IsSubclassOf(type type), bool _Type.IsSubclassOf(type c)
MakeArrayType Method type MakeArrayType(), type MakeArrayType(int rank)
MakeByRefType Method type MakeByRefType()
MakeGenericType Method type MakeGenericType(Params type[] instantiation)
MakePointerType Method type MakePointerType()
ToString Method string ToString(), string _MemberInfo.ToString(), string _Type.ToString()
Assembly Property System.Reflection.Assembly Assembly {get;}
AssemblyQualifiedName Property string AssemblyQualifiedName {get;}
Attributes Property System.Reflection.TypeAttributes Attributes {get;}
BaseType Property type BaseType {get;}
ContainsGenericParameters Property bool ContainsGenericParameters {get;}
CustomAttributes Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.CustomAttributeDa...
DeclaredConstructors Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.ConstructorInfo] ...
DeclaredEvents Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.EventInfo] Declar...
DeclaredFields Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.FieldInfo] Declar...
DeclaredMembers Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.MemberInfo] Decla...
DeclaredMethods Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.MethodInfo] Decla...
DeclaredNestedTypes Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.TypeInfo] Declare...
DeclaredProperties Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[System.Reflection.PropertyInfo] Dec...
DeclaringMethod Property System.Reflection.MethodBase DeclaringMethod {get;}
DeclaringType Property type DeclaringType {get;}
FullName Property string FullName {get;}
GenericParameterAttributes Property System.Reflection.GenericParameterAttributes GenericParameterAttributes {g...
GenericParameterPosition Property int GenericParameterPosition {get;}
GenericTypeArguments Property type[] GenericTypeArguments {get;}
GenericTypeParameters Property type[] GenericTypeParameters {get;}
GUID Property guid GUID {get;}
HasElementType Property bool HasElementType {get;}
ImplementedInterfaces Property System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable[type] ImplementedInterfaces {get;}
IsAbstract Property bool IsAbstract {get;}
IsAnsiClass Property bool IsAnsiClass {get;}
IsArray Property bool IsArray {get;}
IsAutoClass Property bool IsAutoClass {get;}
IsAutoLayout Property bool IsAutoLayout {get;}
IsByRef Property bool IsByRef {get;}
IsClass Property bool IsClass {get;}
IsCOMObject Property bool IsCOMObject {get;}
IsConstructedGenericType Property bool IsConstructedGenericType {get;}
IsContextful Property bool IsContextful {get;}
IsEnum Property bool IsEnum {get;}
IsExplicitLayout Property bool IsExplicitLayout {get;}
IsGenericParameter Property bool IsGenericParameter {get;}
IsGenericType Property bool IsGenericType {get;}
IsGenericTypeDefinition Property bool IsGenericTypeDefinition {get;}
IsImport Property bool IsImport {get;}
IsInterface Property bool IsInterface {get;}
IsLayoutSequential Property bool IsLayoutSequential {get;}
IsMarshalByRef Property bool IsMarshalByRef {get;}
IsNested Property bool IsNested {get;}
IsNestedAssembly Property bool IsNestedAssembly {get;}
IsNestedFamANDAssem Property bool IsNestedFamANDAssem {get;}
IsNestedFamily Property bool IsNestedFamily {get;}
IsNestedFamORAssem Property bool IsNestedFamORAssem {get;}
IsNestedPrivate Property bool IsNestedPrivate {get;}
IsNestedPublic Property bool IsNestedPublic {get;}
IsNotPublic Property bool IsNotPublic {get;}
IsPointer Property bool IsPointer {get;}
IsPrimitive Property bool IsPrimitive {get;}
IsPublic Property bool IsPublic {get;}
IsSealed Property bool IsSealed {get;}
IsSecurityCritical Property bool IsSecurityCritical {get;}
IsSecuritySafeCritical Property bool IsSecuritySafeCritical {get;}
IsSecurityTransparent Property bool IsSecurityTransparent {get;}
IsSerializable Property bool IsSerializable {get;}
IsSpecialName Property bool IsSpecialName {get;}
IsUnicodeClass Property bool IsUnicodeClass {get;}
IsValueType Property bool IsValueType {get;}
IsVisible Property bool IsVisible {get;}
MemberType Property System.Reflection.MemberTypes MemberType {get;}
MetadataToken Property int MetadataToken {get;}
Module Property System.Reflection.Module Module {get;}
Name Property string Name {get;}
Namespace Property string Namespace {get;}
ReflectedType Property type ReflectedType {get;}
StructLayoutAttribute Property System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayoutAttribute StructLayoutAttribute...
TypeHandle Property System.RuntimeTypeHandle TypeHandle {get;}
TypeInitializer Property System.Reflection.ConstructorInfo TypeInitializer {get;}
UnderlyingSystemType Property type UnderlyingSystemType {get;}
# call a static method with ::
PS C:\Users\Administrator> [system.diagnostics.process]::start('notepad.exe')
Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName
------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------
28 3 468 2200 0.05 9176 2 notepad
# set variable to instance of an object
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $proc = get-process notepad
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $proc | gm
# list the methods and properties
TypeName: System.Diagnostics.Process
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Handles AliasProperty Handles = Handlecount
Name AliasProperty Name = ProcessName
NPM AliasProperty NPM = NonpagedSystemMemorySize64
PM AliasProperty PM = PagedMemorySize64
SI AliasProperty SI = SessionId
VM AliasProperty VM = VirtualMemorySize64
WS AliasProperty WS = WorkingSet64
Disposed Event System.EventHandler Disposed(System.Object, System.EventArgs)
ErrorDataReceived Event System.Diagnostics.DataReceivedEventHandler ErrorDataReceived(System.Objec...
Exited Event System.EventHandler Exited(System.Object, System.EventArgs)
OutputDataReceived Event System.Diagnostics.DataReceivedEventHandler OutputDataReceived(System.Obje...
BeginErrorReadLine Method void BeginErrorReadLine()
BeginOutputReadLine Method void BeginOutputReadLine()
CancelErrorRead Method void CancelErrorRead()
CancelOutputRead Method void CancelOutputRead()
Close Method void Close()
CloseMainWindow Method bool CloseMainWindow()
CreateObjRef Method System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjRef CreateObjRef(type requestedType)
Dispose Method void Dispose(), void IDisposable.Dispose()
Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj)
GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode()
GetLifetimeService Method System.Object GetLifetimeService()
GetType Method type GetType()
InitializeLifetimeService Method System.Object InitializeLifetimeService()
Kill Method void Kill()
Refresh Method void Refresh()
Start Method bool Start()
ToString Method string ToString()
WaitForExit Method bool WaitForExit(int milliseconds), void WaitForExit()
WaitForInputIdle Method bool WaitForInputIdle(int milliseconds), bool WaitForInputIdle()
__NounName NoteProperty string __NounName=Process
BasePriority Property int BasePriority {get;}
Container Property System.ComponentModel.IContainer Container {get;}
EnableRaisingEvents Property bool EnableRaisingEvents {get;set;}
ExitCode Property int ExitCode {get;}
ExitTime Property datetime ExitTime {get;}
Handle Property System.IntPtr Handle {get;}
HandleCount Property int HandleCount {get;}
HasExited Property bool HasExited {get;}
Id Property int Id {get;}
MachineName Property string MachineName {get;}
MainModule Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessModule MainModule {get;}
MainWindowHandle Property System.IntPtr MainWindowHandle {get;}
MainWindowTitle Property string MainWindowTitle {get;}
MaxWorkingSet Property System.IntPtr MaxWorkingSet {get;set;}
MinWorkingSet Property System.IntPtr MinWorkingSet {get;set;}
Modules Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessModuleCollection Modules {get;}
NonpagedSystemMemorySize Property int NonpagedSystemMemorySize {get;}
NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 Property long NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 {get;}
PagedMemorySize Property int PagedMemorySize {get;}
PagedMemorySize64 Property long PagedMemorySize64 {get;}
PagedSystemMemorySize Property int PagedSystemMemorySize {get;}
PagedSystemMemorySize64 Property long PagedSystemMemorySize64 {get;}
PeakPagedMemorySize Property int PeakPagedMemorySize {get;}
PeakPagedMemorySize64 Property long PeakPagedMemorySize64 {get;}
PeakVirtualMemorySize Property int PeakVirtualMemorySize {get;}
PeakVirtualMemorySize64 Property long PeakVirtualMemorySize64 {get;}
PeakWorkingSet Property int PeakWorkingSet {get;}
PeakWorkingSet64 Property long PeakWorkingSet64 {get;}
PriorityBoostEnabled Property bool PriorityBoostEnabled {get;set;}
PriorityClass Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessPriorityClass PriorityClass {get;set;}
PrivateMemorySize Property int PrivateMemorySize {get;}
PrivateMemorySize64 Property long PrivateMemorySize64 {get;}
PrivilegedProcessorTime Property timespan PrivilegedProcessorTime {get;}
ProcessName Property string ProcessName {get;}
ProcessorAffinity Property System.IntPtr ProcessorAffinity {get;set;}
Responding Property bool Responding {get;}
SafeHandle Property Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles.SafeProcessHandle SafeHandle {get;}
SessionId Property int SessionId {get;}
Site Property System.ComponentModel.ISite Site {get;set;}
StandardError Property System.IO.StreamReader StandardError {get;}
StandardInput Property System.IO.StreamWriter StandardInput {get;}
StandardOutput Property System.IO.StreamReader StandardOutput {get;}
StartInfo Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo StartInfo {get;set;}
StartTime Property datetime StartTime {get;}
SynchronizingObject Property System.ComponentModel.ISynchronizeInvoke SynchronizingObject {get;set;}
Threads Property System.Diagnostics.ProcessThreadCollection Threads {get;}
TotalProcessorTime Property timespan TotalProcessorTime {get;}
UserProcessorTime Property timespan UserProcessorTime {get;}
VirtualMemorySize Property int VirtualMemorySize {get;}
VirtualMemorySize64 Property long VirtualMemorySize64 {get;}
WorkingSet Property int WorkingSet {get;}
WorkingSet64 Property long WorkingSet64 {get;}
PSConfiguration PropertySet PSConfiguration {Name, Id, PriorityClass, FileVersion}
PSResources PropertySet PSResources {Name, Id, Handlecount, WorkingSet, NonPagedMemorySize, PagedM...
Company ScriptProperty System.Object Company {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.CompanyName;}
CPU ScriptProperty System.Object CPU {get=$this.TotalProcessorTime.TotalSeconds;}
Description ScriptProperty System.Object Description {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.FileDescri...
FileVersion ScriptProperty System.Object FileVersion {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.FileVersion;}
Path ScriptProperty System.Object Path {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileName;}
Product ScriptProperty System.Object Product {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.ProductName;}
ProductVersion ScriptProperty System.Object ProductVersion {get=$this.Mainmodule.FileVersionInfo.Product...
# call one with .
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $proc.Kill()
GetMethods() 来自 Sysem.Type，所以你根本没有调用 Math 的成员。
当你使用[math]类型加速器时，它会return一个RuntimeType对象。像这样，
[math].gettype()
IsPublic IsSerial Name BaseType
-------- -------- ---- --------
False True RuntimeType System.Reflection.TypeInfo
现在，如果像这样通过成员访问运算符 . 调用 Math class 静态方法，
[math].abs(-42)
Method invocation failed because [System.RuntimeType] does not contain a method named 'abs'.
At line:1 char:1
+ [math].abs(-42)
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (:) [], ParentContainsErrorRecordException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound
有一条错误信息。请注意，System.RuntimeType 抱怨 non-existing 方法 abs。
要调用Math的静态成员，需要使用静态成员运算符::。
[math]::abs(-42)
42