使用元组和浮点数处理 Minimax 算法时出现 TypeError

Question

我目前正在从事一个项目，我需要在其中实施 Minimax 算法来创建井字游戏。在某些时候，我正在比较元组和浮点数，虽然我知道这实际上无法完成，但我不知道该问题从何而来或如何解决。如果有人能帮助我理解那将是惊人的。谢谢！

这是我的代码

import copy

X = "X"
O = "O"
EMPTY = None


def initial_state():
    """
    Returns starting state of the board.
    """
    return [[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY],
            [EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY],
            [EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY]]


def player(board):
    Xboard_count = board[0].count(X) + board[1].count(X) + board[2].count(X)
    if Xboard_count % 2 == 1:
        return 0
    else:
        return X



def actions(board):
    """
    Returns set of all possible actions (i, j) available on the board.
    """
    move = []
    for i in range(3):
        for j in range(3):
            if board[i][j] == EMPTY:
                move.append((i, j))

    return move


def result(board, move):
    """
    Returns the board that results from making move (i, j) on the board.
    """
    if move not in actions(board):
        raise Exception("this action is not a valid action")

    dcopb = copy.deepcopy(board)
    dcopb[move[0]][move[1]] = player(board)

    return dcopb


def winner(board):
    """
    Returns the winner of the game, if there is one.
    """
    for x in range(3):
        if board[x][0] == board[x][1] == board[x][2] != EMPTY:
            return board[x][0]
    for y in range(3):
        if board[0][y] == board[1][y] == board[2][y] != EMPTY:
            return board[0][y]
    if board[0][0] == board[1][1] == board[2][2] != EMPTY:
        return board[0][0]
    if board[2][0] == board[1][1] == board[0][2] != EMPTY:
        return board[2][0]
    else:
        return None


def terminal(board):
    """
    Returns True if game is over, False otherwise.
    """
    if winner(board) == X:
        return True
    elif winner(board) == O:
        return True

    for x in range(3):
        for y in range(3):
            if board[x][y] is None:
                return False
    return True
    ('si winner est égal à X :\n'
     '            return True\n'
     '        si winner est égal à 0\n'
     '            return true \n'
     '            \n'
     '        si le nombre de cases vides == 0\n'
     '            return true\n'
     '        else:\n'
     '            return false')


def utility(board):
    """
    Returns 1 if X has won the game, -1 if O has won, 0 otherwise.
    """
    if winner(board) == X:
        return 1
    if winner(board) == 0:
        return -1
    else:
        return 0


def minimax(board):
    """
    Returns the optimal action for the current player on the board.
    """
    if terminal(board):
        return None

    if player(board) == X:
        v = v = float('-inf')
        for move in actions(board):
            temp = MinValue(result(board, move))
            if temp > v:
                v = temp
                best = move
    else:
        v = float('inf')
        for move in actions(board):
            temp = MaxValue(result(board, move))
            if temp < v:
                v = temp
                best = move
    return best
    

def MaxValue(board):
    if terminal(board):
        return utility(board), None

    v = float('-inf')
    for move in actions(board):
        v = max(v, MinValue(result(board, move)))
    return


def MinValue(board):
    if terminal(board):
        return utility(board), None

    v = float('inf')

    for move in actions(board):
        v = min(v, MaxValue(result(board, move)))
    return v

我收到了这条确切的错误消息

TypeError: 'tuple' 和 'float'

实例之间不支持“>”

Answer 1

您正在 return 在 MinValue 的 return utility(board), None 处创建一个元组。因此，当您在 temp = MinValue(result(board, move)) 处调用函数时，如果 return 语句被调用

，则 temp 是一个元组

v 是一个浮点数。现在，当您尝试将它与 if temp < v: 处的 temp 进行比较时，您正在将浮点数与元组

进行比较

Answer 2

首先，MinValue 和 MaxValue 函数有问题，它们有时会返回两个值而不是一个值。

然后，出现了同样的 TypeError，这次是在将 NoneType 变量与浮点数进行比较时出现问题。事实证明这只是一个小错误，因为我的 MaxValue 函数没有返回任何东西。

使用元组和浮点数处理 Minimax 算法时出现 TypeError

TypeError when working on a Minimax algorithm with tuples and floats

python

artificial-intelligence

tic-tac-toe

minimax