使用pip安装keras报错？

Question

我正在尝试在 windows10 中使用 pip 安装 Keras 库。我已经安装了所有要求，python>=3.8，pip>=20.0.0，NumPy，pandas、matplotlib、virtualenv。但是我收到以下错误。

(keras) C:\Users\namba>pip install keras
Collecting keras
  Using cached Keras-2.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (36 kB)
Collecting h5py
  Using cached h5py-3.1.0.tar.gz (371 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.9.1 in c:\users\namba\keras\lib\site-packages (from keras) (1.19.4)
Collecting pyyaml
  Using cached PyYAML-5.3.1-cp38-cp38-win32.whl (199 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=0.14 in c:\users\namba\keras\lib\site-packages (from keras) (1.5.4)
Building wheels for collected packages: h5py
  Building wheel for h5py (PEP 517) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'c:\users\namba\keras\scripts\python.exe' 'c:\users\namba\keras\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\namba\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp0_p1fdyc'
       cwd: C:\Users\namba\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-k9e6wdb4\h5py
  Complete output (70 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  copying h5py\h5py_warnings.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  copying h5py\ipy_completer.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  copying h5py\version.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  copying h5py\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\attrs.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\base.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\compat.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\dataset.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\datatype.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\dims.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\files.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\filters.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\group.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\selections.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\selections2.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\vds.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\common.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\conftest.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_attribute_create.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_attrs.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_attrs_data.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_base.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_big_endian_file.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_completions.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dataset.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dataset_getitem.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dataset_swmr.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_datatype.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dimension_scales.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dims_dimensionproxy.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dtype.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_errors.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_file.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_file2.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_file_image.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_filters.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_group.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5d_direct_chunk.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5f.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5p.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5pl.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5t.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_objects.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_selections.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_slicing.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  copying h5py\tests\data_files\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\test_vds\test_highlevel_vds.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\test_vds\test_lowlevel_vds.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\test_vds\test_virtual_source.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\test_vds\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\data_files\vlen_string_dset.h5 -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  copying h5py\tests\data_files\vlen_string_dset_utc.h5 -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  copying h5py\tests\data_files\vlen_string_s390x.h5 -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  running build_ext
  Loading library to get version: hdf5.dll
  error: Unable to load dependency HDF5, make sure HDF5 is installed properly
  error: Could not find module 'hdf5.dll' (or one of its dependencies). Try using the full path with constructor syntax.
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for h5py
Failed to build h5py
ERROR: Could not build wheels for h5py which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

我以为这个错误是由于h5py & hdf5安装不当造成的。我尝试使用 pip install h5py 安装它们，但随后遇到以下错误：

(keras) C:\Users\namba>pip install h5py
Collecting h5py
  Using cached h5py-3.1.0.tar.gz (371 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17.5; python_version == "3.8" in c:\users\namba\keras\lib\site-packages (from h5py) (1.19.4)
Building wheels for collected packages: h5py
  Building wheel for h5py (PEP 517) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'c:\users\namba\keras\scripts\python.exe' 'c:\users\namba\keras\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\namba\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpid2mdza_'
       cwd: C:\Users\namba\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-yppxk_bm\h5py
  Complete output (70 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  copying h5py\h5py_warnings.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  copying h5py\ipy_completer.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  copying h5py\version.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  copying h5py\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\attrs.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\base.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\compat.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\dataset.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\datatype.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\dims.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\files.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\filters.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\group.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\selections.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\selections2.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\vds.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  copying h5py\_hl\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\_hl
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\common.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\conftest.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_attribute_create.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_attrs.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_attrs_data.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_base.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_big_endian_file.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_completions.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dataset.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dataset_getitem.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dataset_swmr.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_datatype.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dimension_scales.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dims_dimensionproxy.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_dtype.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_errors.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_file.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_file2.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_file_image.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_filters.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_group.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5d_direct_chunk.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5f.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5p.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5pl.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_h5t.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_objects.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_selections.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\test_slicing.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  copying h5py\tests\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  copying h5py\tests\data_files\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\test_vds\test_highlevel_vds.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\test_vds\test_lowlevel_vds.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\test_vds\test_virtual_source.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\test_vds\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\test_vds
  copying h5py\tests\data_files\vlen_string_dset.h5 -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  copying h5py\tests\data_files\vlen_string_dset_utc.h5 -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  copying h5py\tests\data_files\vlen_string_s390x.h5 -> build\lib.win32-3.8\h5py\tests\data_files
  running build_ext
  Loading library to get version: hdf5.dll
  error: Unable to load dependency HDF5, make sure HDF5 is installed properly
  error: Could not find module 'hdf5.dll' (or one of its dependencies). Try using the full path with constructor syntax.
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for h5py
Failed to build h5py
ERROR: Could not build wheels for h5py which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

请提出任何克服这些错误的解决方案？

Answer 1

有时由于旧版本 pip

升级点数：

pip3 install --upgrade pip

然后重试：

pip install h5py

注意：确保您的 python3.8 是 64 位

Answer 2

最好使用 64 位 python3(<3.9)，以使用深度学习库（Keras、TensorFlow），因为 32 位的测试尚未执行和发布。因此，请确保检查它是 64 位还是 32 位。感谢 Tasnuva 的帮助！

Answer 3

以下是我解决问题的过程。
首先，检查您使用的是哪个版本：

查看 Visual Studio 代码的左下角，以防您使用此 IDE（您会发现类似 Python v.v.v 32-bit 的内容）
从终端执行python -VV
然后从here下载并安装64位版本的python（不要忘记勾选Add Python v.v to PATH 安装前）
删除现有的虚拟环境（如果你已经有一个）并使用你下载的最新版本 Python 创建一个新的 venv。

使用pip安装keras报错？

Errors in installing keras using pip?

python

pip

h5py

deep-learning

keras