断言失败：工具链无法构建虚拟 C 文件

Question

许多学生和我自己一直在尝试在 Windows10 下建立 Zephyr RTOS 构建环境，以构建针对各种 ARM Cortex M 板的应用程序。我们每个人都按照 Zephyr“入门指南”和运行解决了同样的问题。当为许多不同的板编译时（我们在这里仅使用 nrf52840dk_nrf52840 作为示例）我们得到这个错误：

错误信息

C:\Users\John\code\eip-zephyr>west build -p auto -b nrf52840dk_nrf52840 .\zephyr\samples\basic\blinky\
-- west build: generating a build system
Including boilerplate (Zephyr base): C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/zephyr/cmake/app/boilerplate.cmake
-- Application: C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/zephyr/samples/basic/blinky
-- Zephyr version: 2.4.0 (C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/zephyr)
-- Found Python3: C:/Python39/python.exe (found suitable exact version "3.9.0") found components: Interpreter
-- Found west (found suitable version "0.8.0", minimum required is "0.7.1")
-- Board: nrf52840dk_nrf52840
-- Cache files will be written to: C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/zephyr/.cache
-- Found toolchain: gnuarmemb (C:/gnu_arm_embedded)
-- Found BOARD.dts: C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/zephyr/boards/arm/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/nrf52840dk_nrf52840.dts
-- Generated zephyr.dts: C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/build/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/blinky/zephyr/zephyr.dts
-- Generated devicetree_unfixed.h: C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/build/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/blinky/zephyr/include/generated/devicetree_unfixed.h
Parsing C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/zephyr/Kconfig
Loaded configuration 'C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/zephyr/boards/arm/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/nrf52840dk_nrf52840_defconfig'
Merged configuration 'C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/zephyr/samples/basic/blinky/prj.conf'
Configuration saved to 'C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/build/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/blinky/zephyr/.config'
Kconfig header saved to 'C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/build/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/blinky/zephyr/include/generated/autoconf.h'
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 9.3.1
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 9.3.1
-- The ASM compiler identification is GNU
-- Found assembler: C:/gnu_arm_embedded/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe
CMake Error at ../../../cmake/extensions.cmake:1569 (message):
  Assertion failed: The toolchain is unable to build a dummy C file.  See
  CMakeError.log.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  ../../../CMakeLists.txt:42 (assert)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/build/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/blinky/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/build/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/blinky/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
FATAL ERROR: command exited with status 1: 'C:\Program Files\CMake\bin\cmake.EXE' '-DWEST_PYTHON=c:\python39\python.exe' '-BC:\Users\John\code\eip-zephyr\build\nrf52840dk_nrf52840\blinky' '-SC:\Users\John\code\eip-zephyr\zephyr\samples\basic\blinky' -GNinja -DBOARD=nrf52840dk_nrf52840

此错误指的是文件：CMakeError 和 CMakeOutput。以下是它们的内容：

CMakeError

Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" failed.
Compiler: C:/gnu_arm_embedded/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe 
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
c:/gnu_arm_embedded/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: c:/gnu_arm_embedded/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib\libc.a(lib_a-exit.o): in function `exit':
exit.c:(.text.exit+0x2c): undefined reference to `_exit'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status


Compiling the CXX compiler identification source file "CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" failed.
Compiler: C:/gnu_arm_embedded/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe 
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
c:/gnu_arm_embedded/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: c:/gnu_arm_embedded/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib\libc.a(lib_a-exit.o): in function `exit':
exit.c:(.text.exit+0x2c): undefined reference to `_exit'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

CMakeOutput

The target system is: Generic - 2.4.0 - arm
The host system is: Windows - 10.0.19041 - AMD64
Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" succeeded.
Compiler: C:/gnu_arm_embedded/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe 
Build flags: 
Id flags: -c 

The output was:
0


Compilation of the C compiler identification source "CMakeCCompilerId.c" produced "CMakeCCompilerId.o"

The C compiler identification is GNU, found in "C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/build/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/blinky/CMakeFiles/3.19.0/CompilerIdC/CMakeCCompilerId.o"

Compiling the CXX compiler identification source file "CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" succeeded.
Compiler: C:/gnu_arm_embedded/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe 
Build flags: 
Id flags: -c 

The output was:
0


Compilation of the CXX compiler identification source "CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" produced "CMakeCXXCompilerId.o"

The CXX compiler identification is GNU, found in "C:/Users/John/code/eip-zephyr/build/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/blinky/CMakeFiles/3.19.0/CompilerIdCXX/CMakeCXXCompilerId.o"

Checking whether the ASM compiler is GNU using "--version" matched "(GNU assembler)|(GCC)|(Free Software Foundation)":
arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe (GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 9-2020-q2-update) 9.3.1 20200408 (release)
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

我的问题：

这个错误是什么意思？
如何修复它，以便我可以成功构建应用程序。

Answer 1

在 zephyr-rtos slack 频道中进行了一些挖掘并得到了其他人的帮助后，我发现其他人也遇到了同样的问题，所以我将 post 我的修复在这里，希望它能解决其他人的问题还有问题。

修复是双重的：

您必须从 CMake 3.19 降级。大多数在此工作之前，但 3.17.2 是推荐的版本。如果您使用的是 windows，则可以使用 chocolatey 命令来完成：choco install cmake --installargs 'ADD_CMAKE_TO_PATH=System' --version 3.17.2 --allow-downgrade --force.
您必须删除 .cache 文件夹。您之前的构建输出告诉您它将存储在哪里。该行以这样的开头：“-- 缓存文件也将被写入：...”

我仍然不知道为什么会抛出此错误，或者应该如何永久修复它，但这是目前的修复。

Answer 2

只是想告知 Zephyr 存储库中当前正在进行解决方法。看看这里：https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/pull/30272

断言失败：工具链无法构建虚拟 C 文件

Assertion Failed: The toolchain is unable to build a dummy C file

windows

zephyr-rtos

gnu-arm

arm-none-eabi-gcc