如何在使用 IText SignDeferred 签署文档时保留 PDF-A

Howto keep PDF-A when signing a document using IText SignDeferred

我确实使用 IText 通过延迟签名 (SignDeferred) 将签名应用于 pdf 文档。 该过程包含以下步骤:

整个过程有效,我以一个设置了签名且有效的 pdf 文档结束。

原始 pdf 是 PDF-A1a 但生成的 pdf 不再是有效的 PDF-A1a。 我知道有一个关于 IText PDF-A 支持的文档 (https://kb.itextpdf.com/home/it7kb/ebooks/itext-7-jump-start-tutorial-for-java/chapter-7-creating-pdf-ua-and-pdf-a-documents),但这似乎不适用,因为我没有更改文档的内容。

我的问题: 我如何使用延迟签名应用签名并在生成的文档中保留 PDF-A1a?

注意:如果我直接应用签名(没有 SignDeferred),生成的 pdf 仍然是 PDF-A1a,但我必须使用 SignDeferred 注意:我确实使用 https://www.pdfen.com/pdf-a-validator 来检查 pdf-A

代码示例

以下是一个完整的代码示例,一个文件中包含所有必需的内容。 它只需要对 itext 和 BouncyCastle 的引用以及自签名证书的路径

using iText.Kernel.Pdf;
using iText.Signatures;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Pkcs;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;

namespace DeferredSigningTestConsole
{
    class Program
    {
        static string SignatureAttributeName = "DeferredSignature";
        static string CertificatePath = @"C:\temp\PDFA\PdfATestCert.2pfx.pfx";
        static string CertificatePassword = "test";

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var signedPdf = SignPdf(System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\temp\PDFA\PDF_A1a.pdf"));
            System.IO.File.WriteAllBytes(@"C:\temp\PDFA\signed.pdf", signedPdf);
        }

        public static byte[] SignPdf(byte[] pdfToSign)
        {
            byte[] hash = null;
            byte[] tmpPdf = null;
            //Step #1 >> prepare pdf for signing (Allocate space for the signature and calculate hash)
            using (MemoryStream input = new MemoryStream(pdfToSign))
            {
                using (var reader = new PdfReader(input))
                {
                    StampingProperties sp = new StampingProperties();
                    sp.UseAppendMode();
                    using (MemoryStream baos = new MemoryStream())
                    {
                        var signer = new PdfSigner(reader, baos, sp);
                        signer.SetCertificationLevel(PdfSigner.NOT_CERTIFIED);

                        signer.SetFieldName(SignatureAttributeName);
                        DigestCalcBlankSigner external = new DigestCalcBlankSigner(PdfName.Adobe_PPKLite, PdfName.Adbe_pkcs7_detached);

                        signer.SignExternalContainer(external, 121743);
                        hash = external.GetDocBytesHash();
                        tmpPdf = baos.ToArray();
                    }
                }

                //Step #2 >> Create the signature based on the document hash
                byte[] signature = GetSignatureFromHash(hash);

                //Step #3 >> Apply the signature to the document
                ReadySignatureSigner extSigContainer = new ReadySignatureSigner(signature);
                using (MemoryStream preparedPdfStream = new MemoryStream(tmpPdf))
                {
                    using (var pdfReader = new PdfReader(preparedPdfStream))
                    {
                        using (PdfDocument docToSign = new PdfDocument(pdfReader))
                        {
                            using (MemoryStream outStream = new MemoryStream())
                            {
                                PdfSigner.SignDeferred(docToSign, SignatureAttributeName, outStream, extSigContainer);
                                return outStream.ToArray();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

            }
        }

        public static byte[] GetSignatureFromHash(byte[] hash)
        {
            FileStream fs = new FileStream(CertificatePath, FileMode.Open);
            Pkcs12Store store = new Pkcs12Store(fs, CertificatePassword.ToCharArray());
            String alias = "";
            foreach (string al in store.Aliases)
                if (store.IsKeyEntry(al) && store.GetKey(al).Key.IsPrivate)
                {
                    alias = al;
                    break;
                }
            AsymmetricKeyEntry pk = store.GetKey(alias);
            X509CertificateEntry[] chain = store.GetCertificateChain(alias);

            List<Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate> c = new List<Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate>();
            foreach (X509CertificateEntry en in chain)
            {
                c.Add(en.Certificate);
            }
            PrivateKeySignature signature = new PrivateKeySignature(pk.Key, "SHA256");
            String hashAlgorithm = signature.GetHashAlgorithm();
            PdfPKCS7 sgn = new PdfPKCS7(null, c.ToArray(), hashAlgorithm, false);
            DateTime signingTime = DateTime.Now;
            byte[] sh = sgn.GetAuthenticatedAttributeBytes(hash, null, null, PdfSigner.CryptoStandard.CMS);
            byte[] extSignature = signature.Sign(sh);
            sgn.SetExternalDigest(extSignature, null, signature.GetEncryptionAlgorithm());
            return sgn.GetEncodedPKCS7(hash, null, null, null, PdfSigner.CryptoStandard.CMS);

        }
    }

    internal class DigestCalcBlankSigner : IExternalSignatureContainer
    {
        private readonly PdfName _filter;

        private readonly PdfName _subFilter;

        private byte[] _docBytesHash;

        internal DigestCalcBlankSigner(PdfName filter, PdfName subFilter)
        {
            _filter = filter;
            _subFilter = subFilter;
        }

        internal virtual byte[] GetDocBytesHash()
        {
            return _docBytesHash;
        }

        public virtual byte[] Sign(Stream docBytes)
        {

            _docBytesHash = CalcDocBytesHash(docBytes);
            //If we retun the signature bytes, GetAuthenticatedAttributeBytes will throw an exception
            //Not clear how this should be done
            return new byte[0];
        }

        public virtual void ModifySigningDictionary(PdfDictionary signDic)
        {
            signDic.Put(PdfName.Filter, _filter);
            signDic.Put(PdfName.SubFilter, _subFilter);
        }

        internal static byte[] CalcDocBytesHash(Stream docBytes)
        {
            byte[] docBytesHash = null;
            docBytesHash = DigestAlgorithms.Digest(docBytes, DigestUtilities.GetDigest(DigestAlgorithms.SHA256));
            return docBytesHash;
        }
    }


    internal class ReadySignatureSigner : IExternalSignatureContainer
    {
        private byte[] cmsSignatureContents;

        internal ReadySignatureSigner(byte[] cmsSignatureContents)
        {
            this.cmsSignatureContents = cmsSignatureContents;
        }

        public virtual byte[] Sign(Stream docBytes)
        {
            return cmsSignatureContents;
        }

        public virtual void ModifySigningDictionary(PdfDictionary signDic)
        {
        }
    }
}

签名的 pdf 不再是有效的 PDF-A1a 的原因似乎是签名的估计大小。 我使用了大约 120kb 的签名值。

//doesn't work
signer.SignExternalContainer(external, 121743);

//does work
signer.SignExternalContainer(external, 65000);

这个概念在 iText 的电子书“PDF 文档的数字签名”中有记载。

似乎为了获得有效的 pdf-A1a,最大尺寸限制为 65kb。

我现在必须在添加视觉表示(签名图像)时测试它是否有效,因为这是我选择这么大的估计尺寸的原因。

编辑: 我做了更多测试,现在我可以生成带有签名的有效 pdf-A 文档: pdf 现在是有效的 pdf-A,具有更改的估计大小:

  • 有效尺寸为 32'000/65'000
    • A1a
    • A1b
  • 估计尺寸 32'000 有效
    • A2a
    • A2b
    • A2u
    • A3a
    • A3b
    • A3u

添加视觉表示(图像)时,pdf-A1a 和 pdf-A1b 不再有效。

A transparent soft mask is present. Beginning with PDF 1.4 transparency is supported. Some PDF-based ISO standards prohibit the use of transparency.

但这是我现在试图弄清楚的另一个问题。