如何使用 .NET Core 在控制台应用程序中从 appsettings.json 获取值?

How to get values from appsettings.json in a console application using .NET Core?

我正在使用 .NET Core 3.1 创建一个控制台应用程序,我想要一个应用程序设置 json 来加载所有 environment, paths, variables,... 在开始执行时,然后从其他库 classes 中获取值。 我用应用程序设置 json 中包含的数据创建了一个 'Settings' class。 这是我在教程中已经看到的,但我无法获得任何价值。

//Start.cs
public class Startup
{
        public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                .SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
                .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true)
                .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true)
                .AddEnvironmentVariables();

            Configuration = builder.Build();
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }
}

//Settings.cs
 public class Settings
    {
        public ConnectionStrings ConnectionStrings { get; set; }
        public Logging Logging { get; set; }
        public AppSettings AppSettings { get; set; }
    ...

//A class to use it in other lib
 public class Extractor
    {
        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;

        public Extractor(IConfiguration configuration) : this()
        {
            _configuration = configuration;
            Init();
        }

        public void Init()
        {
            // Extractor:Min is a variable included in appsettings.json
            Min = _configuration.GetValue<int>("Extractor:Min")
                                  
        }

我无法创建正确的 Main,因为我不知道如何初始化所有内容...我缺少什么?我想我一直在绕圈子做一些简单的事情。提前致谢! 注意:我需要从另一个库 class 中获取这些变量,而不是在 Main 中。我不知道如何在其他 class 中初始化 'configuration' 以便使用它。谢谢

您的示例混合了一些希望托管您的代码的 ASP NET Core 方法。要最低限度地解决从 JSON 配置获取选项或设置的问题,请考虑以下事项:

一个 config.json 文件,设置为“复制到输出目录”,以便它包含在构建中:

{
  "MyFirstClass": {
    "Option1": "some string value",
    "Option2": 42
  },
  "MySecondClass": {
    "SettingOne": "some string value",
    "SettingTwo": 42
  }
}

下面的方法将从 JSON 文件加载内容,然后将内容绑定到两个强类型 options/settings 类,这比 going value 更清晰- 按值:

using System;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;

// NuGet packages:
// Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Binder
// Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json

namespace SampleConsole
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
                .AddJsonFile("config.json", optional: false);

            IConfiguration config = builder.Build();

            var myFirstClass = config.GetSection("MyFirstClass").Get<MyFirstClass>();
            var mySecondClass = config.GetSection("MySecondClass").Get<MySecondClass>();
            Console.WriteLine($"The answer is always {myFirstClass.Option2}");
        }
    }

    public class MyFirstClass
    {
        public string Option1 { get; set; }
        public int Option2 { get; set; }
    }

    public class MySecondClass
    {
        public string SettingOne { get; set; }
        public int SettingTwo { get; set; }
    }
}

我在使用 .NET Core 时遇到了同样的问题,我发现这个解决方案运行良好:

  1. 我有这个appsettings.json
    {
      "App": 
      {
        "LoginCredentials": 
        {
           "ClientId": "xxx",
           "ClientSecret": "xxx",
           "TenantId": "xxx"
        },
        "DataBase": 
        {
            "PathToDatabases": "xxx"
        },
        "General": 
        {
           "PathToLogFiles": "xxx"
        }
      }

    }
  1. 我创建了一个classAppSettingsHandler.cs
    public class AppSettingsHandler
    {
        private string _filename;
        private AppSettings _config;

        public AppSettingsHandler(string filename)
        {
            _filename = filename;
            _config = GetAppSettings();
        }

        public AppSettings GetAppSettings()
        {
            var config = new ConfigurationBuilder()
               .SetBasePath(AppContext.BaseDirectory)
               .AddJsonFile(_filename, false, true)
               .Build();

            return config.GetSection("App").Get<AppSettings>();
        }
    }

  1. 那么你需要一个 AppSettings 的“模型”class:
    public class AppSettings
    {
        public LoginCredentialsConfiguration LoginCredentials { get; set; }
        public DatabaseConfiguration DataBase { get; set; }
        public GeneralConfiguration General { get; set; }
    }

和每个包含的子class的模型class,我在这里只举例说明一个:

    public class LoginCredentialsConfiguration
    {
        public string ClientId { get; set; }
        public string ClientSecret { get; set; }
        public string TenantId { get; set; }
    }
  1. 在您的 Program.cs class 中,您现在可以像这样从 appsettings.json 中获取参数:
            var aH = new AppSettingsHandler("appsettings.json");
            var aS = aH.GetAppSettings();
            var myPath = aS.DataBase.PathToDatabases;

当然,您可以调整该代码,使其符合您的要求,即。即,您必须定义自己的 classes 和 subclasses,当然您也可以通过获取 appsettings.json 的其他部分来扩展 AppSettingsHandler.cs。

http://www.techtutorhub.com/article/how-to-read-appsettings-json-configuration-file-in-dot-net-core-console-application/83

很有帮助!

  1. appsettings.json(添加appsettings.json后,转到属性并将文件标记为复制到out目录)
{
  "ConnectionString": "Server=localhost;Database=tempDB;Uid=<dbUserName>;Pwd=<dbPassword>",
  "Smtp": {
    "Host": "smtp.gmail.com",
    "Port": "587",
    "Username": "<YourGmailUserName>",
    "Password": "<YourGmailPassword>",
    "From": "Your Name"
  }
}

2.package 需要

dotnet add package Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration
dotnet add package Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json
  1. program.cs
using System; 
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;

    class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                  var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                   .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.json", true, true);
    
                var config = builder.Build();
                var connectionString = config["ConnectionString"];
                var emailHost = config["Smtp:Host"];
                Console.WriteLine($"Connection String is: {connectionString}");
                Console.WriteLine($"Email Host is: {emailHost}");
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }

开始使用 Visual Studio 2022 和 .net 6。

  1. 创建一个新的控制台项目。
  2. 向项目添加一个 appsettings.json 文件。
  3. 右键单击 select 属性并确保将其复制到输出目录。

  1. 将文件编辑成如下所示。

     {
       "ConnectionString": "Server=localhost;Database=tempDB;Uid=<dbUserName>;Pwd=<dbPassword>",
       "Smtp": {
         "Host": "smtp.gmail.com",
         "From": "Your Name"
       },
       "MySecondClass": {
         "SettingOne": "some string value",
         "SettingTwo": 82
       }
     }
    
  2. 编辑您的项目 csproj 文件以包含 Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration and its json counter part 包。见下文,同时注意 appsettings.json 文件。

    <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

      <PropertyGroup>
        <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
        <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
        <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
        <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
      </PropertyGroup>

      <ItemGroup>
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration" Version="6.0.0" />
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.json" Version="6.0.0" />
      </ItemGroup>

      <ItemGroup>
        <None Update="appsettings.json">
          <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
        </None>
      </ItemGroup>

    </Project>

  1. 最后,您的 program.cs 文件将如下所示。

     using System;
     using System.IO;
     using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
    
     // See https://aka.ms/new-console-template for more information
     Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
    
    
     var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                     .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.json", true, true);
    
     var config = builder.Build();
    
     var connectionString = config["ConnectionString"];
     var emailHost = config["Smtp:Host"];
     Console.WriteLine($"Connection String is: {connectionString}");
     Console.WriteLine($"Email Host is: {emailHost}");
     var settingTwo = config["MySecondClass:SettingOne"];
     Console.WriteLine(settingTwo);
    

我试过以下方法,效果很好。

1- 将您的 launchSettings.json 添加到 Properties 文件夹下的项目.
2- 将 appsettings 文件添加到每个环境的项目中。
3- 将 appsettings 文件添加到 .csproj 中,如下所示。
4-然后你可以通过下面的代码根据环境注入并到达读取appsettings文件的IConfiguration

    var environment = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT");
    
    var configuration =  new ConfigurationBuilder()
         .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
         .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{environment}.json")
         .AddEnvironmentVariables()
         .AddCommandLine(args)
         .Build();
    
    var serviceProvider = new ServiceCollection()
        .AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(configuration)
        .BuildServiceProvider();
    
    var configurationInstance = serviceProvider.GetService<IConfiguration>();

launchSettings.json

{
  "profiles": {
    "YourProject": {
      "commandName": "Project",
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "DEV"
      }
    }
  }
}


您应该在 .csproj 文件中添加您的 appSettings 文件

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Autofac" Version="6.3.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting" Version="6.0.1" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <None Update="appsettings.DEV.json">
      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
    </None>
    <None Update="appsettings.json">
      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
    </None>
    <None Update="appsettings.Production.json">
      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
    </None>
    <None Update="appsettings.QA.json">
      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
    </None>
  </ItemGroup>

</Project>


你可以在任何地方注入它

public class ConnectionService
{
    private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;

    public ConnectionService(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        _configuration = configuration;
    }
}

我正在使用 dotnet 6。 您只需要在主机上调用 CreateDefaultBuilder。

await Host
.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
.ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) => 
{
    services
        .AddHostedService<ConsoleHostedService>();
})
.RunConsoleAsync();

其中 ConsoleHostedService 实现 IHostedService。

通过调用 ConfigureServices 它会做你需要的。