从源代码构建 R 包失败：Win10、RStudio
To build an R package from source fails: Win10, RStudio
在我的 windows 机器上从源安装包对我来说失败了。我卸载了 RStudio、R 并删除了 rtools40 文件夹，重新启动并重新安装了这些项目。我相信我已经正确设置了路径。
这是我试过的代码，使用了来自 here 的一些故障排除帮助：
#troubleshooting installation
pkgbuild::find_rtools()
pkgbuild::has_rtools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::check_rtools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::rtools_path()
pkgbuild::check_build_tools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::check_compiler(TRUE)
Sys.getenv("PATH")
Sys.getenv('BINPREF')
sessionInfo()
#Test installation from source via CRAN
pkgbuild::with_build_tools(install.packages("lme4", type = "source"))
这是输出：
Restarting R session...
> #troubleshooting installation
> pkgbuild::find_rtools()
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::has_rtools(TRUE)
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::check_rtools(TRUE)
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::rtools_path()
[1] "C:\rtools40/usr/bin"
> pkgbuild::check_build_tools(TRUE)
Your system is ready to build packages!
> pkgbuild::check_compiler(TRUE)
Trying to compile a simple C file
Running "C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/x64/Rcmd.exe" SHLIB foo.c
Warning message:
In system(cmd) : 'make' not found
Error: Failed to compile C code
> Sys.getenv("PATH")
[1] "C:\Program Files\R\R-4.0.3\bin\x64;C:\rtools40\bin;C:\rtools40\mingw64\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Azure\CLI2\wbin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files\Pandoc\;C:\Program Files\Git\cmd;C:\Program Files\dotnet\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\130\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\Client SDK\ODBC\170\Tools\Binn\;C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3;C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Scripts;C:\Users\nealm\.conda\pkgs\conda-4.7.5-py37_0\Scripts;C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Library\bin;C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\GitHubDesktop\bin;C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Roaming\TinyTeX\bin\win32;"
> Sys.getenv('BINPREF')
[1] "C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/"
> sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19041)
Matrix products: default
locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_New Zealand.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_New Zealand.1252 LC_MONETARY=English_New Zealand.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C LC_TIME=English_New Zealand.1252
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] processx_3.4.5 compiler_4.0.3 assertthat_0.2.1 R6_2.5.0 cli_2.2.0 livecode_0.1.0.9000
[7] prettyunits_1.1.1 tools_4.0.3 glue_1.4.2 rstudioapi_0.13 Rcpp_1.0.5 remotes_2.2.0
[13] crayon_1.3.4 fansi_0.4.1 callr_3.5.1 ps_1.4.0 pkgbuild_1.1.0
>
> #Test installation from source via CRAN
> pkgbuild::with_build_tools(install.packages("lme4", type = "source"))
Installing package into ‘C:/Rpackages’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/lme4_1.1-26.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 3297635 bytes (3.1 MB)
downloaded 3.1 MB
* installing *source* package 'lme4' ...
** package 'lme4' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs
*** arch - i386
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c external.cpp -o external.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c glmFamily.cpp -o glmFamily.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c optimizer.cpp -o optimizer.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c predModule.cpp -o predModule.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c respModule.cpp -o respModule.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -shared -s -static-libgcc -o lme4.dll tmp.def external.o glmFamily.o optimizer.o predModule.o respModule.o -LC:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386 -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: skipping incompatible C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386/R.dll when searching for -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: skipping incompatible C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386/R.dll when searching for -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lR
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
no DLL was created
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'lme4'
* removing 'C:/Rpackages/lme4'
* restoring previous 'C:/Rpackages/lme4'
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘lme4’ had non-zero exit status
The downloaded source packages are in
‘C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpwPwykm\downloaded_packages’
>
该问题似乎并非特定于 lme4 软件包。
这更像是一种解决方法，而不是正确的答案。从源代码安装和构建的替代方法是安装预构建的二进制文件。如果没有，您可以远程构建它。
在这种情况下，对于我感兴趣的包，rundel/livecode on github，我：
- 分叉回购（在本例中 rundel/livecode）。此步骤可能是可选的。
- 下载了 tar.gz (
remotes::install_github("markbneal/livecode")，但没有安装它，但错误告诉您它在本地保存 .tar.gz 文件的位置。
- 使用 rhub 为 windows 构建二进制包，访问此网站 https://builder.r-hub.io/ 并上传您的 tar.gz 文件，确保 rhub 有您的电子邮件地址（单击“高级”按钮提供您的电子邮件地址作为备用地址 - 您需要验证它）。 5 分钟后给我发了一个压缩包。
- 然后将通过电子邮件发送给我的 zip 中的 livecode 文件夹复制到我的“R 包”文件夹位置。
包现在应该适合你，在我的例子中
library(livecode)
编辑 六个月后我不得不再次使用这个过程！
在我的 windows 机器上从源安装包对我来说失败了。我卸载了 RStudio、R 并删除了 rtools40 文件夹，重新启动并重新安装了这些项目。我相信我已经正确设置了路径。
这是我试过的代码，使用了来自 here 的一些故障排除帮助：
#troubleshooting installation
pkgbuild::find_rtools()
pkgbuild::has_rtools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::check_rtools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::rtools_path()
pkgbuild::check_build_tools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::check_compiler(TRUE)
Sys.getenv("PATH")
Sys.getenv('BINPREF')
sessionInfo()
#Test installation from source via CRAN
pkgbuild::with_build_tools(install.packages("lme4", type = "source"))
这是输出：
Restarting R session...
> #troubleshooting installation
> pkgbuild::find_rtools()
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::has_rtools(TRUE)
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::check_rtools(TRUE)
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::rtools_path()
[1] "C:\rtools40/usr/bin"
> pkgbuild::check_build_tools(TRUE)
Your system is ready to build packages!
> pkgbuild::check_compiler(TRUE)
Trying to compile a simple C file
Running "C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/x64/Rcmd.exe" SHLIB foo.c
Warning message:
In system(cmd) : 'make' not found
Error: Failed to compile C code
> Sys.getenv("PATH")
[1] "C:\Program Files\R\R-4.0.3\bin\x64;C:\rtools40\bin;C:\rtools40\mingw64\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Azure\CLI2\wbin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files\Pandoc\;C:\Program Files\Git\cmd;C:\Program Files\dotnet\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\130\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\Client SDK\ODBC\170\Tools\Binn\;C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3;C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Scripts;C:\Users\nealm\.conda\pkgs\conda-4.7.5-py37_0\Scripts;C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Library\bin;C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\GitHubDesktop\bin;C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Roaming\TinyTeX\bin\win32;"
> Sys.getenv('BINPREF')
[1] "C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/"
> sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19041)
Matrix products: default
locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_New Zealand.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_New Zealand.1252 LC_MONETARY=English_New Zealand.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C LC_TIME=English_New Zealand.1252
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] processx_3.4.5 compiler_4.0.3 assertthat_0.2.1 R6_2.5.0 cli_2.2.0 livecode_0.1.0.9000
[7] prettyunits_1.1.1 tools_4.0.3 glue_1.4.2 rstudioapi_0.13 Rcpp_1.0.5 remotes_2.2.0
[13] crayon_1.3.4 fansi_0.4.1 callr_3.5.1 ps_1.4.0 pkgbuild_1.1.0
>
> #Test installation from source via CRAN
> pkgbuild::with_build_tools(install.packages("lme4", type = "source"))
Installing package into ‘C:/Rpackages’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/lme4_1.1-26.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 3297635 bytes (3.1 MB)
downloaded 3.1 MB
* installing *source* package 'lme4' ...
** package 'lme4' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs
*** arch - i386
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c external.cpp -o external.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c glmFamily.cpp -o glmFamily.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c optimizer.cpp -o optimizer.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c predModule.cpp -o predModule.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include' -O2 -Wall -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c respModule.cpp -o respModule.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -shared -s -static-libgcc -o lme4.dll tmp.def external.o glmFamily.o optimizer.o predModule.o respModule.o -LC:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386 -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: skipping incompatible C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386/R.dll when searching for -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: skipping incompatible C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386/R.dll when searching for -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lR
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
no DLL was created
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'lme4'
* removing 'C:/Rpackages/lme4'
* restoring previous 'C:/Rpackages/lme4'
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘lme4’ had non-zero exit status
The downloaded source packages are in
‘C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpwPwykm\downloaded_packages’
>
该问题似乎并非特定于 lme4 软件包。
这更像是一种解决方法，而不是正确的答案。从源代码安装和构建的替代方法是安装预构建的二进制文件。如果没有，您可以远程构建它。 在这种情况下，对于我感兴趣的包，rundel/livecode on github，我：
- 分叉回购（在本例中 rundel/livecode）。此步骤可能是可选的。
- 下载了 tar.gz (
remotes::install_github("markbneal/livecode")，但没有安装它，但错误告诉您它在本地保存 .tar.gz 文件的位置。 - 使用 rhub 为 windows 构建二进制包，访问此网站 https://builder.r-hub.io/ 并上传您的 tar.gz 文件，确保 rhub 有您的电子邮件地址（单击“高级”按钮提供您的电子邮件地址作为备用地址 - 您需要验证它）。 5 分钟后给我发了一个压缩包。
- 然后将通过电子邮件发送给我的 zip 中的 livecode 文件夹复制到我的“R 包”文件夹位置。
包现在应该适合你，在我的例子中
library(livecode)
编辑 六个月后我不得不再次使用这个过程！