如何使用 pygame 在迷宫中随机移动物体？

Question

这是吃豆人的代码。我已经有一个移动的吃豆人和与幽灵的碰撞，但我不知道如何让它们在地图上随机移动。我不需要他们追逐吃豆人，只是在地图上随机滑动并在撞到墙上时改变方向。我也想知道我怎么能让吃豆人在与幽灵相撞时死掉。

import pygame

pygame.init()
tela = pygame.display.set_mode((1000, 560))
jogo = True


class Tabuleiro:
    def __init__(self, tela, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.tela = tela
        self.maze = [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
                     [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
                     [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]

    def show(self):
        for col in range(20):
            for lin in range(11):
                if self.maze[lin][col] == 1:
                    self.tela.fill((255, 255, 255), rect=[self.x + col * 50, self.y + lin * 50, 50, 50])
                if self.maze[lin][col] == 2:
                    self.tela.fill((255, 255, 0), rect=[self.x + col * 50 + 12, self.y + lin * 50 + 12, 25, 25])
                if self.maze[lin][col] == 3:
                    self.tela.fill((255, 0, 0), rect=[self.x + col * 50 + 12, self.y + lin * 50 + 12, 25, 25])

    def findFirst(self, number):
        for row, rowlist in enumerate(self.maze):
            for col, cell in enumerate(rowlist):
                if cell == number:
                    return row, col
        return None, None

    def testIndex(self, row, col):
        if row == None or col == None:
            return False
        if 0 <= row < len(self.maze) and 0 <= col < len(self.maze[row]):
            return True
        return False

    def isFieldEqual(self, row, col, number):
        if self.testIndex(row, col):
            return self.maze[row][col] == number
        return False

    def swapFileds(self, row1, col1, row2, col2):
        if self.testIndex(row1, col1) and self.testIndex(row2, col2):
            self.maze[row1][col1], self.maze[row2][col2] = self.maze[row2][col2], self.maze[row1][col1]


maze = Tabuleiro(tela, 10, 10)

while jogo:

    row, col = maze.findFirst(2)

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            jogo = False

        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                if maze.isFieldEqual(row, col - 1, 0):
                    maze.swapFileds(row, col - 1, row, col)
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                if maze.isFieldEqual(row, col + 1, 0):
                    maze.swapFileds(row, col + 1, row, col)
            if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                if maze.isFieldEqual(row - 1, col, 0):
                    maze.swapFileds(row, col, row - 1, col)
            if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                if maze.isFieldEqual(row + 1, col, 0):
                    maze.swapFileds(row + 1, col, row, col)

    tela.fill(0)
    maze.show()
    pygame.display.update()

这是针对学校项目的，因此不必如此复杂。谢谢！

Answer 1

添加一种方法，可以在网格中找到具有特定 number 的所有字段：

class Tabuleiro:
    # [...]

    def findAll(self, number):
        result = []
        for row, rowlist in enumerate(self.maze):
            for col, cell in enumerate(rowlist):
                if cell == number:
                    result.append((row, col))
        return result

找到所有可以移动到的相邻位置。使用random.choice()到select一个随机位置：

while jogo:
    # [...]

    for row, col in maze.findAll(3):
        new_pos = [(row-1, col), (row+1, col), (row, col-1), (row, col+1)]
        new_pos = [(r, c) for r, c in new_pos if maze.isFieldEqual(r, c, 0)]
        if new_pos:
            new_row, new_col = random.choice(new_pos)
            maze.swapFileds(row, col, new_row, new_col)

使用pygame.time.get_ticks() to return the number of milliseconds since pygame.init()被调用。设置敌人第一次行动的时间。当时间超过移动敌人并设置下一步移动的时间：

next_move_time = 0
jogo = True
while jogo:
    current_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()

    # [...]

    if next_move_time < current_time:
        next_move_time = current_time + 500 # 500 milliseconds = 0.5 seconds
        for row, col in maze.findAll(3):
            # [...]

完整示例：

import pygame
import random
pygame.init()
tela = pygame.display.set_mode((1000, 560))

class Tabuleiro:
    def __init__(self, tela, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.tela = tela
        self.maze = [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
                     [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
                     [1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
                     [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]

    def show(self):
        for col in range(20):
            for lin in range(11):
                if self.maze[lin][col] == 1:
                    self.tela.fill((255, 255, 255), rect=[self.x + col * 50, self.y + lin * 50, 50, 50])
                if self.maze[lin][col] == 2:
                    self.tela.fill((255, 255, 0), rect=[self.x + col * 50 + 12, self.y + lin * 50 + 12, 25, 25])
                if self.maze[lin][col] == 3:
                    self.tela.fill((255, 0, 0), rect=[self.x + col * 50 + 12, self.y + lin * 50 + 12, 25, 25])

    def findFirst(self, number):
        for row, rowlist in enumerate(self.maze):
            for col, cell in enumerate(rowlist):
                if cell == number:
                    return row, col
        return None, None

    def findAll(self, number):
        result = []
        for row, rowlist in enumerate(self.maze):
            for col, cell in enumerate(rowlist):
                if cell == number:
                    result.append((row, col))
        return result

    def testIndex(self, row, col):
        if row == None or col == None:
            return False
        if 0 <= row < len(self.maze) and 0 <= col < len(self.maze[row]):
            return True
        return False

    def isFieldEqual(self, row, col, number):
        if self.testIndex(row, col):
            return self.maze[row][col] == number
        return False 
    
    def swapFileds(self, row1, col1, row2, col2):
        if self.testIndex(row1, col1) and self.testIndex(row2, col2):
            self.maze[row1][col1], self.maze[row2][col2] = self.maze[row2][col2], self.maze[row1][col1]


maze = Tabuleiro(tela, 10, 10)

next_move_time = 0
jogo = True
while jogo:
    current_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
    row, col = maze.findFirst(2)

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            jogo = False

        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                if maze.isFieldEqual(row, col-1, 0):
                    maze.swapFileds(row, col-1, row, col)
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                if maze.isFieldEqual(row, col+1, 0):
                    maze.swapFileds(row, col+1, row, col)
            if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                if maze.isFieldEqual(row-1, col, 0):
                    maze.swapFileds(row, col, row-1, col)
            if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                if maze.isFieldEqual(row+1, col, 0):
                    maze.swapFileds(row+1, col, row, col)

    if next_move_time < current_time:
        next_move_time = current_time + 500 # 500 milliseconds = 0.5 seconds
        for row, col in maze.findAll(3):
            new_pos = [(row-1, col), (row+1, col), (row, col-1), (row, col+1)]
            new_pos = [(r, c) for r, c in new_pos if maze.isFieldEqual(r, c, 0)]
            if new_pos:
                new_row, new_col = random.choice(new_pos)
                maze.swapFileds(row, col, new_row, new_col)


    tela.fill(0)
    maze.show()
    pygame.display.update()

如何使用 pygame 在迷宫中随机移动物体？

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