如何将多个日期格式字符串转换为时区格式的时间戳

Question

我想将多个字符串日期格式转换成时间戳

例如，我有如下日期字符串

String date1 = "2020-01-01 12:23:30.345"
String date2 = "2020-01-01 12:23:30"
String date3 = "2020-01-01 12:23"
String date4 = "2020-01-01 12"

我想把上面所有的字符串格式转换成时间戳，比如，

For date1, Timestamp should be 2020-01-01 12:23:30.345 UTC
For date2, Timestamp should be 2020-01-01 12:23:30.000 UTC
For date3, Timestamp should be 2020-01-01 12:23:00.000 UTC
For date4, Timestamp should be 2020-01-01 12:00:00.000 UTC

你能帮我解决这个问题吗？任何信息都会非常有帮助。我无法为解析器定义格式化的单个字符串，因为在我的场景中字符串格式是不可预测的。

Answer 1

您可以使用两个格式化程序，一个将 String 转换为 LocalDateTime，另一个将 LocalDateTime 转换为预期的 String :

String[] dates = {date1, date2, date3, date4};
DateTimeFormatter formatterIn = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH[:mm][:ss][.SSS]");
DateTimeFormatter formatterOut = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");

for (String date : dates) {
    LocalDateTime ldtIn = LocalDateTime.parse(date, formatterIn);
    String ldtOut = ldtIn.format(formatterOut);
    System.out.println(ldtOut);
}

产出

2020-01-01 12:23:30.345
2020-01-01 12:23:30.000
2020-01-01 12:23:00.000
2020-01-01 12:00:00.000

Answer 2

您可以为缺失的部分使用可选模式（在方括号内）。您还可以使用 DateTimeFormatterBuilder#parseDefaulting 将缺少的时间部分默认为 0 或任何其他值。

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import java.util.Locale;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DateTimeFormatter dtfForFormating = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("uuuu-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS", Locale.ENGLISH);

        // Tests
        System.out.println(getLocalDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23:30.345"));
        System.out.println(getLocalDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23:30.345").format(dtfForFormating));
        
        System.out.println(getLocalDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23:30"));
        System.out.println(getLocalDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23:30").format(dtfForFormating));
        
        System.out.println(getLocalDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23"));
        System.out.println(getLocalDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23").format(dtfForFormating));
        
        System.out.println(getLocalDateTime("2020-01-01 12"));
        System.out.println(getLocalDateTime("2020-01-01 12").format(dtfForFormating));
    }

    static LocalDateTime getLocalDateTime(String text) {
        DateTimeFormatter multiFormatter = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
                                            .appendPattern("uuuu-MM-dd HH[:mm][:ss][.SSS]")
                                            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, 0)
                                            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 0)
                                            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR, 0)                                         
                                            .toFormatter(Locale.ENGLISH);

        return LocalDateTime.parse(text, multiFormatter);
    }
}

输出：

2020-01-01T12:23:30.345
2020-01-01 12:23:30.345
2020-01-01T12:23:30
2020-01-01 12:23:30.000
2020-01-01T12:23
2020-01-01 12:23:00.000
2020-01-01T12:00
2020-01-01 12:00:00.000

更新

这是根据 OP 要求将时区设置为日期时间的更新。

LocalDateTime 没有时区信息。为了获得时区信息，您需要将其转换为 ZonedDateTime.

演示：

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import java.util.Locale;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DateTimeFormatter dtfForFormating = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("uuuu-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS z", Locale.ENGLISH);

        // Tests
        System.out.println(getZonedDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23:30.345"));
        System.out.println(getZonedDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23:30.345").format(dtfForFormating));

        System.out.println(getZonedDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23:30"));
        System.out.println(getZonedDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23:30").format(dtfForFormating));

        System.out.println(getZonedDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23"));
        System.out.println(getZonedDateTime("2020-01-01 12:23").format(dtfForFormating));

        System.out.println(getZonedDateTime("2020-01-01 12"));
        System.out.println(getZonedDateTime("2020-01-01 12").format(dtfForFormating));
    }

    static ZonedDateTime getZonedDateTime(String text) {
        DateTimeFormatter multiFormatter = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
                                            .appendPattern("uuuu-MM-dd HH[:mm][:ss][.SSS]")
                                            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, 0)
                                            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 0)
                                            .parseDefaulting(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR, 0)
                                            .toFormatter(Locale.ENGLISH);

        return LocalDateTime.parse(text, multiFormatter).atZone(ZoneId.of("Etc/UTC"));
    }
}

输出：

2020-01-01T12:23:30.345Z[Etc/UTC]
2020-01-01 12:23:30.345 UTC
2020-01-01T12:23:30Z[Etc/UTC]
2020-01-01 12:23:30.000 UTC
2020-01-01T12:23Z[Etc/UTC]
2020-01-01 12:23:00.000 UTC
2020-01-01T12:00Z[Etc/UTC]
2020-01-01 12:00:00.000 UTC

如何将多个日期格式字符串转换为时区格式的时间戳

How to convert multiple string of date formats to timestamp with timezone format

java

date

utc

java-time

更新