latexindent：自 macOS 11 Big Sur 以来安装 File::HomeDir、Mac::SystemDirectory 时遇到问题
latexindent: trouble installing File::HomeDir, Mac::SystemDirectory since macOS 11 Big Sur
在我开始之前，我应该注意我在 macOS 10.15 Catalina 上从未遇到过这个问题，不幸的是 this 类似线程中的响应没有解决问题。
我正在全新安装的 macOS 11 Big Sur 上试用 latexindent，但遇到 File:HomeDir 问题：运行 latexindent returns 完整的错误列表，以 Can't locate File/HomeDir.pm in @INC 开头。我试过使用 cpan 安装该模块，但最终得到以下结果：
Reading '/Users/myname/.cpan/Metadata'
Database was generated on Thu, 24 Dec 2020 05:41:03 GMT
Running install for module 'File::HomeDir'
Checksum for /Users/myname/.cpan/sources/authors/id/R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz ok
Scanning cache /Users/myname/.cpan/build for sizes
............................................................................DONE
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Warning: prerequisite Mac::SystemDirectory 0.04 not found.
Generating a Unix-style Makefile
Writing Makefile for File::HomeDir
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL -- OK
Running make for R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
---- Unsatisfied dependencies detected during ----
---- REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz ----
Mac::SystemDirectory [requires]
Running install for module 'Mac::SystemDirectory'
Checksum for /Users/myname/.cpan/sources/authors/id/E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz ok
Configuring E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
HASCOMPILERjIOx/TESTn6oE.c:2:10: fatal error: 'EXTERN.h' file not found
#include "EXTERN.h"
^~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
Couldn't execute cc -g -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -fstack-protector-strong -DPERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV -Os "-I/System/Library/Perl/5.28/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE" -c HASCOMPILERjIOx/TESTn6oE.c -o HASCOMPILERjIOx/TESTn6oE.o: Inappropriate ioctl for device at Makefile.PL line 14.
Requires a compiler
Warning: No success on command[/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL]
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL -- NOT OK
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Has already been unwrapped into directory /Users/myname/.cpan/build/File-HomeDir-1.006-2
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Has already been prepared
Running make for R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Warning: Prerequisite 'Mac::SystemDirectory => 0.04' for 'REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz' failed when processing 'ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz' with 'writemakefile => NO '/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL' returned status 6400'. Continuing, but chances to succeed are limited.
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Driver.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Driver.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/MacOS9.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/MacOS9.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Carbon.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Carbon.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Cocoa.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Cocoa.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Windows.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Windows.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/FreeDesktop.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/FreeDesktop.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Test.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Test.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Unix.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Unix.pm
Manifying 10 pod documents
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
/usr/bin/make -- OK
Running make test
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/usr/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t xt/*.t
t/01_compile.t ........ 1/11 # Implemented by: File::HomeDir::Darwin
t/01_compile.t ........ ok
t/02_main.t ........... # $<: 501 -- $(: 20 20 12 61 79 80 81 98 701 33 100 204 250 395 398 399 400
t/02_main.t ........... ok
t/10_test.t ........... ok
t/11_darwin.t ......... ok
t/12_darwin_carbon.t .. skipped: Not running on 32-bit Darwin
t/13_darwin_cocoa.t ... skipped: Not running on Darwin with Cocoa API using Mac::SystemDirectory
t/20_empty_home.t ..... ok
All tests successful.
Files=7, Tests=90, 1 wallclock secs ( 0.04 usr 0.01 sys + 0.48 cusr 0.13 csys = 0.66 CPU)
Result: PASS
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Tests succeeded but one dependency not OK (Mac::SystemDirectory)
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
[dependencies] -- NA
Failed during this command:
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz : writemakefile NO '/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL' returned status 6400
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz : make_test NO one dependency not OK (Mac::SystemDirectory)
我真的不太了解 perl，但在我看来 Mac::SystemDirectory 不见了，但是，当我尝试安装它时，我得到
Reading '/Users/myname/.cpan/Metadata'
Database was generated on Thu, 24 Dec 2020 05:41:03 GMT
Running install for module 'Mac::SystemDirectory'
Checksum for /Users/myname/.cpan/sources/authors/id/E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz ok
Scanning cache /Users/myname/.cpan/build for sizes
............................................................................DONE
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
HASCOMPILER5Emh/TESTS3W7.c:2:10: fatal error: 'EXTERN.h' file not found
#include "EXTERN.h"
^~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
Couldn't execute cc -g -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -fstack-protector-strong -DPERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV -Os "-I/System/Library/Perl/5.28/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE" -c HASCOMPILER5Emh/TESTS3W7.c -o HASCOMPILER5Emh/TESTS3W7.o: Inappropriate ioctl for device at Makefile.PL line 14.
Requires a compiler
Warning: No success on command[/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL]
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL -- NOT OK
Failed during this command:
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz : writemakefile NO '/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL' returned status 6400
由此看来，头文件 EXTERN.h 似乎丢失了，但我不确定从这里去哪里。有人有什么想法或建议吗？我为巨大的代码块道歉 - 我认为包含所有可能的细节会更好。非常感谢！
注意：我发布了这个 same question in the LaTeX Stack Exchange，但我想我也会在这里提问，因为它似乎是一个更广泛的 perl 问题。
总结一下对我有用的解决方案：问题是头文件 EXTERN.h 在 macOS 11 Big Sur 中默认不在 CPATH 上。要解决此问题，请将包含 EXTERN.h 的目录添加到 CPATH:
export CPATH=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk/System/Library/Perl/5.28/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE:$CPATH
然后打开cpan shell（只需输入cpan然后进入命令行）并输入install Mac::SystemDirectory。完成此过程后，我还可以安装 File:HomeDir 和一些其他模块，以使 latexindent 正常工作。
注意：我必须在执行此操作之前设置 cpan；只需打开 shell 并按照说明操作即可。
非常感谢Håkon Hægland的解决方案！
在我开始之前，我应该注意我在 macOS 10.15 Catalina 上从未遇到过这个问题，不幸的是 this 类似线程中的响应没有解决问题。
我正在全新安装的 macOS 11 Big Sur 上试用 latexindent，但遇到 File:HomeDir 问题：运行 latexindent returns 完整的错误列表，以 Can't locate File/HomeDir.pm in @INC 开头。我试过使用 cpan 安装该模块，但最终得到以下结果：
Reading '/Users/myname/.cpan/Metadata'
Database was generated on Thu, 24 Dec 2020 05:41:03 GMT
Running install for module 'File::HomeDir'
Checksum for /Users/myname/.cpan/sources/authors/id/R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz ok
Scanning cache /Users/myname/.cpan/build for sizes
............................................................................DONE
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Warning: prerequisite Mac::SystemDirectory 0.04 not found.
Generating a Unix-style Makefile
Writing Makefile for File::HomeDir
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL -- OK
Running make for R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
---- Unsatisfied dependencies detected during ----
---- REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz ----
Mac::SystemDirectory [requires]
Running install for module 'Mac::SystemDirectory'
Checksum for /Users/myname/.cpan/sources/authors/id/E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz ok
Configuring E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
HASCOMPILERjIOx/TESTn6oE.c:2:10: fatal error: 'EXTERN.h' file not found
#include "EXTERN.h"
^~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
Couldn't execute cc -g -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -fstack-protector-strong -DPERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV -Os "-I/System/Library/Perl/5.28/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE" -c HASCOMPILERjIOx/TESTn6oE.c -o HASCOMPILERjIOx/TESTn6oE.o: Inappropriate ioctl for device at Makefile.PL line 14.
Requires a compiler
Warning: No success on command[/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL]
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL -- NOT OK
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Has already been unwrapped into directory /Users/myname/.cpan/build/File-HomeDir-1.006-2
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Has already been prepared
Running make for R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Warning: Prerequisite 'Mac::SystemDirectory => 0.04' for 'REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz' failed when processing 'ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz' with 'writemakefile => NO '/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL' returned status 6400'. Continuing, but chances to succeed are limited.
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Driver.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Driver.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/MacOS9.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/MacOS9.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Carbon.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Carbon.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Cocoa.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Cocoa.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Windows.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Windows.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/FreeDesktop.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/FreeDesktop.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Test.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Test.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Unix.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Unix.pm
Manifying 10 pod documents
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
/usr/bin/make -- OK
Running make test
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/usr/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t xt/*.t
t/01_compile.t ........ 1/11 # Implemented by: File::HomeDir::Darwin
t/01_compile.t ........ ok
t/02_main.t ........... # $<: 501 -- $(: 20 20 12 61 79 80 81 98 701 33 100 204 250 395 398 399 400
t/02_main.t ........... ok
t/10_test.t ........... ok
t/11_darwin.t ......... ok
t/12_darwin_carbon.t .. skipped: Not running on 32-bit Darwin
t/13_darwin_cocoa.t ... skipped: Not running on Darwin with Cocoa API using Mac::SystemDirectory
t/20_empty_home.t ..... ok
All tests successful.
Files=7, Tests=90, 1 wallclock secs ( 0.04 usr 0.01 sys + 0.48 cusr 0.13 csys = 0.66 CPU)
Result: PASS
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Tests succeeded but one dependency not OK (Mac::SystemDirectory)
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
[dependencies] -- NA
Failed during this command:
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz : writemakefile NO '/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL' returned status 6400
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz : make_test NO one dependency not OK (Mac::SystemDirectory)
我真的不太了解 perl，但在我看来 Mac::SystemDirectory 不见了，但是，当我尝试安装它时，我得到
Reading '/Users/myname/.cpan/Metadata'
Database was generated on Thu, 24 Dec 2020 05:41:03 GMT
Running install for module 'Mac::SystemDirectory'
Checksum for /Users/myname/.cpan/sources/authors/id/E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz ok
Scanning cache /Users/myname/.cpan/build for sizes
............................................................................DONE
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
HASCOMPILER5Emh/TESTS3W7.c:2:10: fatal error: 'EXTERN.h' file not found
#include "EXTERN.h"
^~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
Couldn't execute cc -g -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -fstack-protector-strong -DPERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV -Os "-I/System/Library/Perl/5.28/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE" -c HASCOMPILER5Emh/TESTS3W7.c -o HASCOMPILER5Emh/TESTS3W7.o: Inappropriate ioctl for device at Makefile.PL line 14.
Requires a compiler
Warning: No success on command[/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL]
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL -- NOT OK
Failed during this command:
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz : writemakefile NO '/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL' returned status 6400
由此看来，头文件 EXTERN.h 似乎丢失了，但我不确定从这里去哪里。有人有什么想法或建议吗？我为巨大的代码块道歉 - 我认为包含所有可能的细节会更好。非常感谢！
注意：我发布了这个 same question in the LaTeX Stack Exchange，但我想我也会在这里提问，因为它似乎是一个更广泛的 perl 问题。
总结一下对我有用的解决方案：问题是头文件 EXTERN.h 在 macOS 11 Big Sur 中默认不在 CPATH 上。要解决此问题，请将包含 EXTERN.h 的目录添加到 CPATH:
export CPATH=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk/System/Library/Perl/5.28/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE:$CPATH
然后打开cpan shell（只需输入cpan然后进入命令行）并输入install Mac::SystemDirectory。完成此过程后，我还可以安装 File:HomeDir 和一些其他模块，以使 latexindent 正常工作。
注意：我必须在执行此操作之前设置 cpan；只需打开 shell 并按照说明操作即可。
非常感谢Håkon Hægland的解决方案！