实施 AES 密钥扩展时遇到问题
Trouble Implementing AES Key Expansion
我正在尝试在 Python 中实施 AES 密钥扩展，但我遇到了一些麻烦。这是我正在使用的代码：
Rcon= [
0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c,
0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a,
0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd,
0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a,
0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6,
0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72,
0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc,
0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10,
0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e,
0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5,
0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94,
0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02,
0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d,
0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d,
0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f,
0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb,
0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c,
0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a,
0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd,
0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a,
0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d]
sbox = [
0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B,
0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76, 0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0,
0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0, 0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26,
0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2,
0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75, 0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0,
0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84, 0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED,
0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F,
0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8, 0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5,
0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2, 0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC,
0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14,
0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB, 0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C,
0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79, 0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D,
0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F,
0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E,
0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E, 0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11,
0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F,
0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16]
def print_matrix(m):
#Just to print the matrix
for i in m:
for j in i:
print(j, end=" ")
print(" ")
def xor_bytes(a, b):
#Returns a new byte array with the elements xor'ed
return bytes(i^j for i, j in zip(a, b))
def bytes2matrix(text):
#Converts a 16-byte array into a 4x4 matrix
return [list(text[i:i+4]) for i in range(0, len(text), 4)]
def expand_key(master_key):
#Expands and returns a list of key matrices for the given master_key.
# Initialize round keys with raw key material.
rounds_by_key_size = {16: 10, 24: 12, 32: 14}
n_rounds = rounds_by_key_size[len(master_key)]
key_columns = bytes2matrix(master_key)
iteration_size = len(master_key) // 4
# Each iteration has exactly as many columns as the key material.
columns_per_iteration = len(key_columns)
i = 1
while len(key_columns) < (n_rounds + 1) * 4:
# Copy previous word.
word = list(key_columns[-1])
# Perform schedule_core once every "row".
if len(key_columns) % iteration_size == 0:
# Circular shift.
word.append(word.pop(0))
# Map to S-BOX.
word = [sbox[b] for b in word]
# XOR with first byte of R-CON, since the others bytes of R-CON are 0.
word[0] ^= Rcon[i]
i += 1
elif len(master_key) == 32 and len(key_columns) % iteration_size == 4:
# Run word through S-box in the fourth iteration when using a
# 256-bit key.
word = [sbox[b] for b in word]
# XOR with equivalent word from previous iteration.
word = xor_bytes(word, key_columns[-iteration_size])
key_columns.append(word )
#Group key words in 4x4 byte matrices.
return [key_columns[4*i : 4*(i+1)] for i in range(len(key_columns) // 4)]
#Testing
key='Thats my Kung Fu'
key=key.encode('utf-8')
print_matrix(expand_key(key))
这是我应该得到的结果。
但这就是我的代码：
注意：第 0 轮（第一行）并不重要，因为我对其进行了转换 (key=key.encode('utf-8')) 以获得密钥 1 到 10。我确定第 0 轮是正确的。
一些字节是正确的。但是为什么其他人会出错呢？我做错了什么？
此外，如何将符号 b'\something ' 转换为十六进制 (0xsomething)，以及如何从代码给我的结果中提取数组（每个轮密钥）？
为了使用十六进制值更清晰地输出 Round Keys，请替换 print_matrix，例如通过：
def print_matrix(m):
round = 0
for i in m:
print('Round {:2}:'.format(round), end=' ')
for j in i:
print('{}'.format(' '.join("{:02X}".format(x) for x in j)), end=' ')
round += 1
print(" ")
生成以下输出：
Round 0: 54 68 61 74 73 20 6D 79 20 4B 75 6E 67 20 46 75
Round 1: E2 32 FC F1 91 12 91 88 B1 59 E4 E6 D6 79 A2 93
Round 2: 56 08 20 07 C7 1A B1 8F 76 43 55 69 A0 3A F7 FA
Round 3: D2 60 0D E7 15 7A BC 68 63 39 E9 01 C3 03 1E FB
Round 4: A1 12 02 C9 B4 68 BE A1 D7 51 57 A0 14 52 49 5B
Round 5: B1 29 3B 33 05 41 85 92 D2 10 D2 32 C6 42 9B 69
Round 6: BD 3D C2 87 B8 7C 47 15 6A 6C 95 27 AC 2E 0E 4E
Round 7: CC 96 ED 16 74 EA AA 03 1E 86 3F 24 B2 A8 31 6A
Round 8: 8E 51 EF 21 FA BB 45 22 E4 3D 7A 06 56 95 4B 6C
Round 9: BF E2 BF 90 45 59 FA B2 A1 64 80 B4 F7 F1 CB D8
Round 10: 28 FD DE F8 6D A4 24 4A CC C0 A4 FE 3B 31 6F 26
与参考值对比，只有一处不一致，即第6轮的第4个值。你确定的值是0x87，而参考值是0xB7。
您使用的示例在网络上更常见，其中所讨论的值通常为 0xB7。然而，在 this 网站上，在 第 1 部分 :
对我来说，值 0x87 似乎是正确的，只是被错误地作为 0xB7 接管到列表中。然后，各种网站也接管了这个不正确的网站。所以你的结果似乎是正确的。
我正在尝试在 Python 中实施 AES 密钥扩展，但我遇到了一些麻烦。这是我正在使用的代码：
Rcon= [
0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c,
0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a,
0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd,
0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a,
0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6,
0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72,
0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc,
0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10,
0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e,
0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5,
0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94,
0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02,
0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d,
0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d,
0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f,
0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb,
0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c,
0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a,
0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd,
0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a,
0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d]
sbox = [
0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B,
0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76, 0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0,
0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0, 0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26,
0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2,
0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75, 0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0,
0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84, 0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED,
0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F,
0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8, 0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5,
0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2, 0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC,
0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14,
0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB, 0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C,
0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79, 0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D,
0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F,
0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E,
0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E, 0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11,
0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F,
0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16]
def print_matrix(m):
#Just to print the matrix
for i in m:
for j in i:
print(j, end=" ")
print(" ")
def xor_bytes(a, b):
#Returns a new byte array with the elements xor'ed
return bytes(i^j for i, j in zip(a, b))
def bytes2matrix(text):
#Converts a 16-byte array into a 4x4 matrix
return [list(text[i:i+4]) for i in range(0, len(text), 4)]
def expand_key(master_key):
#Expands and returns a list of key matrices for the given master_key.
# Initialize round keys with raw key material.
rounds_by_key_size = {16: 10, 24: 12, 32: 14}
n_rounds = rounds_by_key_size[len(master_key)]
key_columns = bytes2matrix(master_key)
iteration_size = len(master_key) // 4
# Each iteration has exactly as many columns as the key material.
columns_per_iteration = len(key_columns)
i = 1
while len(key_columns) < (n_rounds + 1) * 4:
# Copy previous word.
word = list(key_columns[-1])
# Perform schedule_core once every "row".
if len(key_columns) % iteration_size == 0:
# Circular shift.
word.append(word.pop(0))
# Map to S-BOX.
word = [sbox[b] for b in word]
# XOR with first byte of R-CON, since the others bytes of R-CON are 0.
word[0] ^= Rcon[i]
i += 1
elif len(master_key) == 32 and len(key_columns) % iteration_size == 4:
# Run word through S-box in the fourth iteration when using a
# 256-bit key.
word = [sbox[b] for b in word]
# XOR with equivalent word from previous iteration.
word = xor_bytes(word, key_columns[-iteration_size])
key_columns.append(word )
#Group key words in 4x4 byte matrices.
return [key_columns[4*i : 4*(i+1)] for i in range(len(key_columns) // 4)]
#Testing
key='Thats my Kung Fu'
key=key.encode('utf-8')
print_matrix(expand_key(key))
这是我应该得到的结果。
但这就是我的代码：
注意：第 0 轮（第一行）并不重要，因为我对其进行了转换 (key=key.encode('utf-8')) 以获得密钥 1 到 10。我确定第 0 轮是正确的。
一些字节是正确的。但是为什么其他人会出错呢？我做错了什么？
此外，如何将符号 b'\something ' 转换为十六进制 (0xsomething)，以及如何从代码给我的结果中提取数组（每个轮密钥）？
为了使用十六进制值更清晰地输出 Round Keys，请替换 print_matrix，例如通过：
def print_matrix(m):
round = 0
for i in m:
print('Round {:2}:'.format(round), end=' ')
for j in i:
print('{}'.format(' '.join("{:02X}".format(x) for x in j)), end=' ')
round += 1
print(" ")
生成以下输出：
Round 0: 54 68 61 74 73 20 6D 79 20 4B 75 6E 67 20 46 75
Round 1: E2 32 FC F1 91 12 91 88 B1 59 E4 E6 D6 79 A2 93
Round 2: 56 08 20 07 C7 1A B1 8F 76 43 55 69 A0 3A F7 FA
Round 3: D2 60 0D E7 15 7A BC 68 63 39 E9 01 C3 03 1E FB
Round 4: A1 12 02 C9 B4 68 BE A1 D7 51 57 A0 14 52 49 5B
Round 5: B1 29 3B 33 05 41 85 92 D2 10 D2 32 C6 42 9B 69
Round 6: BD 3D C2 87 B8 7C 47 15 6A 6C 95 27 AC 2E 0E 4E
Round 7: CC 96 ED 16 74 EA AA 03 1E 86 3F 24 B2 A8 31 6A
Round 8: 8E 51 EF 21 FA BB 45 22 E4 3D 7A 06 56 95 4B 6C
Round 9: BF E2 BF 90 45 59 FA B2 A1 64 80 B4 F7 F1 CB D8
Round 10: 28 FD DE F8 6D A4 24 4A CC C0 A4 FE 3B 31 6F 26
与参考值对比，只有一处不一致，即第6轮的第4个值。你确定的值是0x87，而参考值是0xB7。
您使用的示例在网络上更常见，其中所讨论的值通常为 0xB7。然而，在 this 网站上，在 第 1 部分 :
对我来说，值 0x87 似乎是正确的，只是被错误地作为 0xB7 接管到列表中。然后，各种网站也接管了这个不正确的网站。所以你的结果似乎是正确的。