如何解决错误只能concatenate str (not "bytes") to str

Question

嘿，我需要帮助来解决这个错误。我尝试对第 24 行和关键字进行编码。但这会产生另一个错误...... ,

#!/usr/bin/env python

import scapy.all as scapy
from scapy.layers import http

def sniff(interface):
    scapy.sniff(iface=interface, store=False, prn=process_sniffed_packets)


def get_url(packet):
    return packet[http.HTTPRequest].Host + packet[http.HTTPRequest].Path

def get_login_info(packet):
    if packet.haslayer(scapy.Raw):
        load = packet[scapy.Raw].load
        keywords = ["username", "user", "password", "pass", "login"]
        for keyword in keywords:
            if keyword in load:
                return load

def process_sniffed_packets(packet):
    if packet.haslayer(http.HTTPRequest):
        url = get_url(packet)
        print("[+] HTTP Request >>" + url)

        login_info = get_login_info(packet)
        if login_info:
            print("\n\n[+] Possible username/password >" + login_info + "\n\n")



sniff("wlan0")

,

错误

File "packet_sniffer.py", line 32, in <module>
    sniff("wlan0")
  File "packet_sniffer.py", line 7, in sniff
    scapy.sniff(iface=interface, store=False, prn=process_sniffed_packets)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/scapy-2.4.4.dev204-py3.8.egg/scapy/sendrecv.py", line 1058, in sniff
    sniffer._run(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/scapy-2.4.4.dev204-py3.8.egg/scapy/sendrecv.py", line 1011, in _run
    session.on_packet_received(p)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/scapy-2.4.4.dev204-py3.8.egg/scapy/sessions.py", line 108, in on_packet_received
    result = self.prn(pkt)
  File "packet_sniffer.py", line 24, in process_sniffed_packets
    print("[+] HTTP Request >>" + url)
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str

想知道怎么解决吗！我尝试了很多方法来弄清楚。我是 python 的初学者。我缺乏理解 encode/decode/ unicode.

Answer 1

替换

print("[+] HTTP Request >>" + url)

与

print("[+] HTTP Request >>" + url.decode("utf-8"))

这会将 url 转换为字符串。

如何解决错误只能concatenate str (not "bytes") to str

How to solve error can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str

python

string

encoding

utf-8

decoding