在不了解文化的情况下将月份名称从一种语言转换为另一种语言？

Question

如何在不知道“agosto”是西班牙语还是意大利语的情况下将带有月份名称（如“agosto”）的字符串转换为英文翻译“August”？

我知道我用

得到了西班牙语中第 8 个月的月份名称

Dim SpanishMonthName as String = Globalization.CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("ES").DateTimeFormat.GetMonthName(8)

但是我怎样才能将字符串“August”（英语中的第 8 个月名称）作为西班牙语或意大利语月份名称“agosto”的翻译？

Answer 1

在各种 CultureInfo 中有月份名称（参见 someCulture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames），因此您可以：

var italian = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("it-IT");
var spanish = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("es-ES");
var english = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US");

string month = "agosto";

var italianMonthNames = italian.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;
var spanishMonthNames = spanish.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;

int ix = Array.FindIndex(italianMonthNames, x => StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(x, month));
if (ix == -1)
{
    ix = Array.FindIndex(spanishMonthNames, x => StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(x, month));
}

// ix is 0 based, while months are 1 based
string englishMonth = ix != -1 ? english.DateTimeFormat.GetMonthName(ix + 1) : null;

您甚至可以尝试将一点委托给 .NET DateTime.ParseExact:

var italian = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("it-IT");
var spanish = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("es-ES");
var english = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US");

string month = "agosto";
string englishMonth = null;
DateTime dt;

if (DateTime.TryParseExact(month, "MMMM", italian, 0, out dt) || DateTime.TryParseExact(month, "MMMM", spanish, 0, out dt))
{
    englishMonth = dt.ToString("MMMM", english);
}

一般来说，至少有一个月份在两种语言中具有不同的含义：listopad（十月或十一月，参见here）。完整列表是 Hlakola、listopad、Mopitlo、Nhlangula、Nyakanga、Phupu

使用 Dictionary<> 收集月份名称的第一个版本：

public class MonthNameFinder
{
    private readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, int> MonthToNumber;

    public MonthNameFinder(params string[] cultures)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildDictionary(cultures.Select(x => CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(x)));
    }

    public MonthNameFinder(params CultureInfo[] cultureInfos)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildDictionary(cultureInfos);
    }

    public MonthNameFinder(CultureTypes cultureTypes = CultureTypes.AllCultures)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildDictionary(CultureInfo.GetCultures(cultureTypes));
    }

    private static IReadOnlyDictionary<string, int> BuildDictionary(IEnumerable<CultureInfo> cultureInfos)
    {
        // Note that the comparer will always be wrong, sadly. Each culture has its comparer
        var dict = new Dictionary<string, int>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);

        foreach (var culture in cultureInfos)
        {
            var monthNames = culture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;

            for (int i = 0; i < monthNames.Length; i++)
            {
                string monthName = monthNames[i];

                int other;

                if (!dict.TryGetValue(monthName, out other))
                {
                    dict[monthName] = i + 1;
                }
                else if (other != i + 1)
                {
                    Debug.WriteLine($"Repeated month {monthName}: {i + 1} in {culture.Name} ({culture.DisplayName})");
                }
            }
        }

        return dict;
    }

    public int? GetMonthNumber(string monthName)
    {
        int monthNumber;

        if (MonthToNumber.TryGetValue(monthName, out monthNumber))
        {
            return monthNumber;
        }

        return null;
    }
}

像这样使用它：

var mnf = new MonthNameFinder();
int? n = mnf.GetMonthNumber("agosto");

if (n != null)
{
    string name = new DateTime(1, n.Value, 1).ToString("MMMM", CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US"));
}

（请注意，您应该缓存 mnf...构建起来可能相当昂贵）

嗯...我不喜欢...我有点 OC...我知道月份名称中存在一些冲突这一简单事实困扰着我。

这是第二个版本，使用 ILookup<> 甚至保存 CultureName，这样就可以发现月份名称的语言。这 GetMonthNumbers(monthName) 现在 returns 一个 (int MonthNumber, string CultureName)[]，一个匿名值类型的数组。可以明明拿第一个开心的过日子，也可以查一下有没有多个不同的MonthNumber

public class MonthNameFinder
{
    private readonly ILookup<string, (int MonthNumber, string CultureName)> MonthToNumber;

    public MonthNameFinder(params string[] cultures)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildLookup(cultures.Select(x => CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(x)));
    }

    public MonthNameFinder(params CultureInfo[] cultureInfos)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildLookup(cultureInfos);
    }

    public MonthNameFinder(CultureTypes cultureTypes = CultureTypes.AllCultures)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildLookup(CultureInfo.GetCultures(cultureTypes));
    }

    private static ILookup<string, (int MonthNumber, string CultureName)> BuildLookup(IEnumerable<CultureInfo> cultureInfos)
    {
        // Note that the comparer will always be wrong, sadly. Each culture has its comparer
        var lst = new List<(string Name, int MonthNumber, string CultureName)>();

        foreach (var culture in cultureInfos)
        {
            var monthNames = culture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;

            for (int i = 0; i < monthNames.Length; i++)
            {
                string monthName = monthNames[i];
                lst.Add((monthName, i + 1, culture.Name));
            }
        }

        return lst.OrderBy(x => x.Name)
            .ThenBy(x => x.MonthNumber)
            .ToLookup(x => x.Name, x => (x.MonthNumber, x.CultureName), StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
    }

    public (int MonthNumber, string CultureName)[] GetMonthNumbers(string monthName)
    {
        return MonthToNumber[monthName].ToArray();
    }
}

像这样使用它：

// This is an array of (MonthNumber, CultureName)
var mnf = new MonthNameFinder();

var numbers = mnf.GetMonthNumbers("agosto");

if (numbers.Length != 0)
{
    string monthName = new DateTime(1, numbers[0].MonthNumber, 1).ToString("MMMM", CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US"));
}

（即使在这里你也应该缓存 mnf...构建起来可能相当昂贵）

请注意，有许多相似的文化，因此 numbers 会很大（例如，仅意大利语就有 5 种文化，搜索 agosto 返回52 种不同的文化与月份 agosto.

在不了解文化的情况下将月份名称从一种语言转换为另一种语言？

Convert month name from one language to another without knowing the Culture?

.net

culture

invariantculture