指针接收器和非指针接收器的数据竞争差异

Data race difference with Pointer Recevier and Non Pointer Recevier

我在使用 -race 标记进行测试时发现数据争用。更新结构并从结构方法读取值时发生数据竞争。 后来发现把非指针接收者的方法改成指针接收者可以解决数据竞争。但我不明白原因。谁能解释一下原因?

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "testing"
)

type TestStruct struct {
    display    bool
    OtherValue int
}

func (t TestStruct) Display() bool {
    return t.display
}

func (t *TestStruct) DisplayP() bool {
    return t.display
}

func TestNonPointerRecevier(t *testing.T) {
    v := &TestStruct{
        display: true,
    }

    go func() {
        v.OtherValue = 1
    }()
    go func() {
        fmt.Println(v.Display())
    }()
}

func TestPointerRecevier(t *testing.T) {
    v := &TestStruct{
        display: true,
    }

    go func() {
        v.OtherValue = 1
    }()
    go func() {
        fmt.Println(v.DisplayP())
    }()
}

使用指针接收器方法没有错误

go test -race -run ^TestPointerRecevier$
true
PASS
ok      _/Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace  0.254s

您在使用非指针接收器方法时出现此错误

go test -race -run ^TestNonPointerRecevier$
==================
WARNING: DATA RACE
Read at 0x00c00001c2c8 by goroutine 9:
  _/Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace.TestNonPointerRecevier.func2()
      /Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace/main_test.go:30 +0x47

Previous write at 0x00c00001c2c8 by goroutine 8:
  _/Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace.TestNonPointerRecevier.func1()
      /Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace/main_test.go:27 +0x3e

Goroutine 9 (running) created at:
  _/Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace.TestNonPointerRecevier()
      /Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace/main_test.go:29 +0xba
  testing.tRunner()
      /usr/local/Cellar/go/1.15.6/libexec/src/testing/testing.go:1123 +0x202

Goroutine 8 (finished) created at:
  _/Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace.TestNonPointerRecevier()
      /Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace/main_test.go:26 +0x98
  testing.tRunner()
      /usr/local/Cellar/go/1.15.6/libexec/src/testing/testing.go:1123 +0x202
==================
true
FAIL
exit status 1
FAIL    _/Users/xxxxx/projects/golang/datarace  0.103s

import (
    "fmt"
    "testing"
)

type TestStruct struct {
    display    bool
    OtherValue int
}

func Display(t TestStruct) bool { // equal func (t TestStruct) Display() bool
    return t.display
}

func DisplayP(t *TestStruct) bool { // equal func (t *TestStruct) DisplayP() bool
    return t.display
}

func TestNonPointerRecevier(t *testing.T) {
    v := &TestStruct{
        display: true,
    }

    go func() {
        v.OtherValue = 1 // write
    }()
    go func() {
        fmt.Println(Display(*v)) // *v read value
    }()
}

func TestPointerRecevier(t *testing.T) {
    v := &TestStruct{
        display: true,
    }

    go func() {
        v.OtherValue = 1 // write
    }()
    go func() {
        fmt.Println(DisplayP(v))  // un read, just pass parameter
    }()
}

关注data-race错误信息,在调用Display方法时发生了read,go会将v(type *TestStruct)转换为(type TestStruct ).

当方法的接收者值是结构(而不​​是指向结构的指针)时,将复制完整的结构以按值传递给该方法。
所以调用 v.Display() 隐式读取字段 OtherValue (当复制结构时),因此出现竞争条件。

另一方面,当使用指针时,只复制指针,同时访问 v.displayv.OtherValue 不会触发竞争条件。