如何为 shlex.split 使用特定的停止字符?

How to use a specific stop-character for shlex.split?

如何告诉shlex,如果找到字符;,那么,不要再分割任何东西了?

示例:

shlex.split("""hello "column number 2" foo ; bar baz""")  

应该给

["hello", "column number 2", "foo", "; bar baz"]

而不是 ["hello", "column number 2", "foo", ";", "bar", "baz"]


更一般地说,有没有办法用 shlex 定义“注释”分隔符?即

shlex.split("""hello "column number 2" foo ;this is a comment; "last one" bye """)  

应该给

["hello", "column number 2", "foo", ";this is a comment;", "last one", "bye"]

shlex 解析器提供了一个用于指定注释字符的选项,但它在简化的 shlex.split 界面中不可用。示例:

import shlex

a = 'hello "bla bla" ; this is a comment'

lex = shlex.shlex(a, posix=True)
lex.commenters = ';'
print(list(lex))  # ['hello', 'bla bla']

这里是一个稍微扩展的split函数,主要是从Python标准库复制而来,对comments参数稍作修改,允许指定注释字符:

import shlex
def shlex_split(s, comments='', posix=True):
    """Split the string *s* using shell-like syntax."""
    if s is None:
        import warnings
        warnings.warn("Passing None for 's' to shlex.split() is deprecated.",
                      DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
    lex = shlex.shlex(s, posix=posix)
    lex.whitespace_split = True
    if isinstance(comments, str):
        lex.commenters = comments
    elif not comments:
        lex.commenters = ''
    return list(lex)

您可能想更改上面代码中 comments 的默认值;如所写,它具有与 shlex.split 相同的默认值,即根本不识别注释。 (由 shlex.shlex 创建的解析器对象默认使用 # 作为注释字符,如果您指定 comments=True 就会得到这个字符。为了兼容性,我保留了此行为。)

注意评论会被忽略;它们根本不会出现在结果向量中。当解析器遇到注释字符时,它就停止解析。 (所以永远不会有两个评论。) comments 字符串是可能的评论字符列表,而不是评论序列。因此,如果您想将 #; 都识别为注释字符,请指定 comments='#:'.

这是一个示例 运行:

>>> # Default behaviour is the same as shlex.split
>>> shlex_split("""hello "column number 2" foo ; bar baz""") 
['hello', 'column number 2', 'foo', ';', 'bar', 'baz']
>>> # Supply a comments parameter to specify a comment character 
>>> shlex_split("""hello "column number 2" foo ; bar baz""", comments=';') 
['hello', 'column number 2', 'foo']
>>> shlex_split("""hello "column number 2" foo ;this is a comment; "last one" bye """, comments=';')
['hello', 'column number 2', 'foo']
>>> # The ; is recognised as a comment even if it is not preceded by whitespace.
>>> shlex_split("""hello "column number 2" foo;this is a comment; "last one" bye """, comments=';')
['hello', 'column number 2', 'foo']