为什么 django-channels 不连接到安全的 Websockets wss?
Why does django-channels not connect to secure Websockets wss?
最近我一直在开发一个名为(DBSF - don’t be a sh***y friend)的应用程序,它的功能有点像 facebook,但它会提醒你偶尔与朋友互动.
遇到一个BUG,很久都无法修复
该应用程序在我的本地计算机上运行良好,但是当我尝试将应用程序部署到 heroku 时,我 运行 遇到了一个错误。
问题是关于使用 Websockets 和 Django-channels 的用户之间的聊天功能。
这是由 heroku 需要 https 引起的,因此 websockets 也必须是安全的(wss:// 而不是 ws://)。
所以我这样做了,我创建了一个安全的 webSocket,其中 url 以 wss://
开头
这里是错误发生的地方:由于某些原因 asgi.py 文件无法建立连接,或者 routing.py 文件无法将 websocket 连接到 consumers.py
以下是我尝试修复错误的方法:
- 在 asgi.py 我将 http 更改为 https,或将 websocket 更改为其中之一(websockets,ws wss)
- 更改了 settings.py
中的安全设置
- 尝试了 websocket 的不同组合 url
- 运行用 daphne 代替 Django 的开发服务器
None 其中更改了错误甚至错误消息。
报错信息总是抱怨socket还在连接或者已经关闭或者处于关闭状态
这是一些代码
在浏览器上(为了在我的本地机器上重新创建错误,我只是硬编码 'wss'):
var ws_scheme = window.location.protocol == "https:" ? "wss" : "ws";
const chatSocket = new WebSocket(
ws_scheme
+ '://'
+ window.location.host
+ '/ws/chat/'
+ friendship_id
+ '/'
);
这里是asgi.py
import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "DBSF.settings")
import django
django.setup()
from django.core.management import call_command
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
import social.routing
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'DBSF.settings')
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
"http": get_asgi_application(),
"websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
URLRouter(
social.routing.websocket_urlpatterns
)
),
})
这里是routing.py
from django.urls import re_path, path
from . import consumers
websocket_urlpatterns = [
re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<friendship_id>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]
这里是consumers.py
import json
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from .models import Message, Friendship, User
import datetime
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
def connect(self):
print('fuuuuuuuu')
self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['friendship_id']
self.room_group_name = 'chat_%s' % self.room_name
# Join room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
self.room_group_name,
self.channel_name
)
self.accept()
def disconnect(self, close_code):
# Leave room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(
self.room_group_name,
self.channel_name
)
# Receive message from WebSocket
def receive(self, text_data):
text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
message = text_data_json['message']
sender = text_data_json['sender']
receiver = text_data_json['receiver']
friendship_id = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['friendship_id']
message_to_save = Message(conversation=Friendship.objects.get(id=friendship_id), sender=User.objects.get(username=sender), receiver=User.objects.get(username=receiver), text=message, date_sent=datetime.datetime.now())
message_to_save.save()
# Send message to room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)(
self.room_group_name,
{
'type': 'chat_message',
'message': message,
'sender': sender,
'receiver': receiver,
'id': message_to_save.id
}
)
# Receive message from room group
def chat_message(self, event):
message = event['message']
sender = event['sender']
receiver = event['receiver']
id = event['id']
# Send message to WebSocket
self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
'message': message,
'sender': sender,
'receiver': receiver,
'id': id,
}))
这里是settings.py:
"""
Django settings for DBSF project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.2.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""
from pathlib import Path
import django_heroku
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.environ['SECRET_KEY']
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'social.User'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com', 'localhost', '127.0.0.1']
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 3600
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = False
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = False
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'channels',
'social',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'DBSF.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# Use Django's standard `django.contrib.auth` permissions,
# or allow read-only access for unauthenticated users.
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly'
]
}
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'DBSF.wsgi.application'
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'DBSF.asgi.application'
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
'CONFIG': {
"hosts": [('https://desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com/', 6379)],
},
},
}
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
'TIME_ZONE': 'EST'
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'EST'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_ROOT= os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media/')
MEDIA_URL= "/media/"
错误信息如下:
layout.js:108 WebSocket connection to 'wss://desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com/ws/chat/19/' failed: Error during WebSocket handshake: Unexpected response code: 500
这是完整的项目:
https://github.com/fabianomobono/DBSF
这是 heroku 上的应用程序:
https://desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com/
基本上,asgi.py、routing.py 或 consumers.py 文件之一不能与 wss WebSockets 一起工作。
当我在本地机器上使用普通的 webSocket(ws) 时,该应用程序可以正常工作。
我真的认为这是一个很容易解决的问题,但我已经尝试了几个星期了。
这是一个小错误还是我试图解决这个问题的方式完全错误?
这可能是 django-channels 的错误吗??
请让我知道您是否能够帮助我解决这个问题,或者您是否可以指出以前遇到过此问题的人的方向。
如果我对这个错误的解释足够好,或者我不清楚我在问什么,请告诉我。
有人知道如何解决这个问题吗?
我可以通过一些更改连接到本地主机。在此更改之前,它甚至不适用于 ws:// 协议。所以我的改变:
- 你确定你设置了正确的redis吗?为了测试你可以试试
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
'default': {
"BACKEND": "channels.layers.InMemoryChannelLayer"
},
}
- 在 github 的代码中,你的路线有错误,它是:
re_path(r'wss/chat/(?P<friendship_id>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
但应该是
re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<friendship_id>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
根据您的 javascript 代码。
祝你好运,希望对你有所帮助。
最近我一直在开发一个名为(DBSF - don’t be a sh***y friend)的应用程序,它的功能有点像 facebook,但它会提醒你偶尔与朋友互动. 遇到一个BUG,很久都无法修复
该应用程序在我的本地计算机上运行良好,但是当我尝试将应用程序部署到 heroku 时,我 运行 遇到了一个错误。
问题是关于使用 Websockets 和 Django-channels 的用户之间的聊天功能。 这是由 heroku 需要 https 引起的,因此 websockets 也必须是安全的(wss:// 而不是 ws://)。
所以我这样做了,我创建了一个安全的 webSocket,其中 url 以 wss://
开头这里是错误发生的地方:由于某些原因 asgi.py 文件无法建立连接,或者 routing.py 文件无法将 websocket 连接到 consumers.py
以下是我尝试修复错误的方法:
- 在 asgi.py 我将 http 更改为 https,或将 websocket 更改为其中之一(websockets,ws wss)
- 更改了 settings.py 中的安全设置
- 尝试了 websocket 的不同组合 url
- 运行用 daphne 代替 Django 的开发服务器
None 其中更改了错误甚至错误消息。
报错信息总是抱怨socket还在连接或者已经关闭或者处于关闭状态
这是一些代码
在浏览器上(为了在我的本地机器上重新创建错误,我只是硬编码 'wss'):
var ws_scheme = window.location.protocol == "https:" ? "wss" : "ws";
const chatSocket = new WebSocket(
ws_scheme
+ '://'
+ window.location.host
+ '/ws/chat/'
+ friendship_id
+ '/'
);
这里是asgi.py
import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "DBSF.settings")
import django
django.setup()
from django.core.management import call_command
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
import social.routing
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'DBSF.settings')
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
"http": get_asgi_application(),
"websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
URLRouter(
social.routing.websocket_urlpatterns
)
),
})
这里是routing.py
from django.urls import re_path, path
from . import consumers
websocket_urlpatterns = [
re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<friendship_id>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]
这里是consumers.py
import json
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from .models import Message, Friendship, User
import datetime
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
def connect(self):
print('fuuuuuuuu')
self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['friendship_id']
self.room_group_name = 'chat_%s' % self.room_name
# Join room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
self.room_group_name,
self.channel_name
)
self.accept()
def disconnect(self, close_code):
# Leave room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(
self.room_group_name,
self.channel_name
)
# Receive message from WebSocket
def receive(self, text_data):
text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
message = text_data_json['message']
sender = text_data_json['sender']
receiver = text_data_json['receiver']
friendship_id = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['friendship_id']
message_to_save = Message(conversation=Friendship.objects.get(id=friendship_id), sender=User.objects.get(username=sender), receiver=User.objects.get(username=receiver), text=message, date_sent=datetime.datetime.now())
message_to_save.save()
# Send message to room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)(
self.room_group_name,
{
'type': 'chat_message',
'message': message,
'sender': sender,
'receiver': receiver,
'id': message_to_save.id
}
)
# Receive message from room group
def chat_message(self, event):
message = event['message']
sender = event['sender']
receiver = event['receiver']
id = event['id']
# Send message to WebSocket
self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
'message': message,
'sender': sender,
'receiver': receiver,
'id': id,
}))
这里是settings.py:
"""
Django settings for DBSF project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.2.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""
from pathlib import Path
import django_heroku
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.environ['SECRET_KEY']
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'social.User'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com', 'localhost', '127.0.0.1']
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 3600
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = False
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = False
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'channels',
'social',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'DBSF.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# Use Django's standard `django.contrib.auth` permissions,
# or allow read-only access for unauthenticated users.
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly'
]
}
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'DBSF.wsgi.application'
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'DBSF.asgi.application'
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
'CONFIG': {
"hosts": [('https://desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com/', 6379)],
},
},
}
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
'TIME_ZONE': 'EST'
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'EST'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_ROOT= os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media/')
MEDIA_URL= "/media/"
错误信息如下:
layout.js:108 WebSocket connection to 'wss://desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com/ws/chat/19/' failed: Error during WebSocket handshake: Unexpected response code: 500
这是完整的项目: https://github.com/fabianomobono/DBSF
这是 heroku 上的应用程序: https://desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com/
基本上,asgi.py、routing.py 或 consumers.py 文件之一不能与 wss WebSockets 一起工作。
当我在本地机器上使用普通的 webSocket(ws) 时,该应用程序可以正常工作。
我真的认为这是一个很容易解决的问题,但我已经尝试了几个星期了。
这是一个小错误还是我试图解决这个问题的方式完全错误?
这可能是 django-channels 的错误吗??
请让我知道您是否能够帮助我解决这个问题,或者您是否可以指出以前遇到过此问题的人的方向。
如果我对这个错误的解释足够好,或者我不清楚我在问什么,请告诉我。
有人知道如何解决这个问题吗?
我可以通过一些更改连接到本地主机。在此更改之前,它甚至不适用于 ws:// 协议。所以我的改变:
- 你确定你设置了正确的redis吗?为了测试你可以试试
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
'default': {
"BACKEND": "channels.layers.InMemoryChannelLayer"
},
}
- 在 github 的代码中,你的路线有错误,它是:
re_path(r'wss/chat/(?P<friendship_id>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
但应该是
re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<friendship_id>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
根据您的 javascript 代码。
祝你好运,希望对你有所帮助。