即使从不同的文件格式加载,Vertica 如何处理半结构化数据

How Vertica handles semi-structured data even if loaded from different file formats

我对 Vertica 中的半结构化数据处理的理解是,如果数据是这样说的(在 json 中)

{
"f1":1,
"f2":"hello",
"f3":false,
"f4":2
}

然后创建一个 flextable,其中包含两列 __identity____raw____identify__ 将有 4 个字段(我假设整数 1、2、3、4),__raw__ 将是数据的原始表示(1、hello、false 和 2)。

我还可以在同一个 flextable 中的 csv 文件中加载数据,例如 2, hello2, true, 3Vertica 如何决定哪个字段映射到哪个列(例如 f1f4)是 int

好吧,没有什么比准备好 Vertica SQL 提示(以及创建数据库对象的权限......)更能尝试找出答案了。

使用JSON,字段名称在结构中:键值对。

对于 CSV,数据文件的第一行需要有列名 - 我在下面添加了...

-- connecting with VSQL, 
$ vsql -h localhost -d sbx -U dbadmin -w pwd
$ vsql -h localhost -d sbx -U dbadmin -w pwd
Welcome to vsql, the Vertica Analytic Database interactive terminal.

Type:  \h or \? for help with vsql commands
       \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
       \q to quit

sbx=> -- create the flex table
sbx=> CREATE FLEX TABLE flx();
CREATE TABLE
sbx=> -- load the flex table from stdin - data handed in-line - using your input
sbx=> COPY flx FROM stdin PARSER fjsonparser();
Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself.
>> {                                        
>> "f1":1,
>> "f2":"hello",
>> "f3":false,
>> "f4":2
>> }
>> \.
-- test the load ...
sbx=> SELECT f1,f2,f3,f4 FROM flx;
 f1 |  f2   |  f3   | f4 
----+-------+-------+----
 1  | hello | false | 2
sbx=>-- load the CSV file - note that we need the title line, 
sbx=>-- which I add, to have same values in the same fields
sbx=> COPY flx FROM stdin PARSER fcsvparser();
Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself.
>> f1,f2,f3,f4
>> 2, hello2, true, 3
>> \.
sbx=>-- check the contents now
sbx=> SELECT f1,f2,f3,f4 FROM flx;
 f1 |   f2   |  f3   | f4 
----+--------+-------+----
 1  | hello  | false | 2
 2  | hello2 | true  | 3
sbx=>-- resulting table definition in catalog ...
sbx=> \d flx
                                             List of Fields by Tables
 Schema  | Table |    Column    |          Type          |  Size  | Default | Not Null | Primary Key | Foreign Key 
---------+-------+--------------+------------------------+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-------------
 dbadmin | flx   | __identity__ | int                    |      8 |         | t        | f           | 
 dbadmin | flx   | __raw__      | long varbinary(130000) | 130000 |         | t        | f           | 
(2 rows)

sbx=> -- check the contents of __identity__ and (after visualising) __raw__
sbx=> SELECT __identity__,REPLACE(MAPTOSTRING(__raw__),CHR(10),' ') FROM flx;
 __identity__ |                                REPLACE                                 
--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------
            1 | {     "f1": "1",     "f2": "hello",     "f3": "false",     "f4": "2" }
            2 | {     "f1": "2",     "f2": "hello2",     "f3": "true",     "f4": "3" }