Perl TLS SMTP 在身份验证步骤中发送失败

Question

我正在尝试在 Debian buster 服务器上通过 Perl 使用经过身份验证的 SMTP 发送邮件。这是我的代码：

use strict ;
use warnings ;
use autodie ;
use Net::SMTP; # version 3.11
use Authen::SASL;

my $smtp_server = 'smtp.example.com' ;
my $principal   = 'myusername' ;

print "Password: ";
my $password = <STDIN>;
chomp($password);

my $from    = 'joeuser@example.com' ;
my $to      = 'joeuser@example.com' ;
my $subject = 'Test message' ;
my $body    = "The body of the e-mail message.";

my $mailer = Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server, 'SSL' => 1, 'Port' => 465, 'Debug' => 1);

if (!$mailer) { die $@ ; }

if (!$mailer->auth($principal, $password)) {
    warn "error authenticating; status is '" . $mailer->status() . "'\n";
    warn "error authenticating; message is '" . $mailer->message() . "'\n";
    exit 1;
}

这是输出：

Password: secretsecretsecret
Net::SMTP::_SSL>>> Net::SMTP::_SSL
Net::SMTP::_SSL>>>   IO::Socket::SSL(2.060)
Net::SMTP::_SSL>>>     IO::Socket::IP(0.39)
Net::SMTP::_SSL>>>       IO::Socket(1.39)
Net::SMTP::_SSL>>>         IO::Handle(1.39)
Net::SMTP::_SSL>>>           Exporter(5.73)
Net::SMTP::_SSL>>>   Net::SMTP(3.11)
Net::SMTP::_SSL>>>     Net::Cmd(3.11)
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 220 smtp.example.com ESMTP Postfix
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)>>> EHLO localhost.localdomain
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 250-smtp.example.com
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 250-PIPELINING
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 250-SIZE 51200000
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 250-ETRN
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN GSSAPI
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 250-8BITMIME
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 250-DSN
Net::SMTP::_SSL=GLOB(0x562cc320f080)<<< 250 CHUNKING
error authenticating; status is '2'
error authenticating; message is 'smtp.example.com
PIPELINING
SIZE 51200000
ETRN
AUTH PLAIN LOGIN GSSAPI
ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
8BITMIME
DSN
CHUNKING

'

但是请注意，以下 Python 代码运行在同一台计算机上有效 :

#!/usr/bin/python3                                                                                             
username    = 'joeuser'
principal   = 'myusername'
smtp_server = 'smtp.example.com'
  
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from getpass import getpass

conn = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, 465)
password = getpass()
conn.login(principal, password)

usermail = username + '@example.com'
content="""\                                                                                                                        
Test message.                                                                                                                       
"""
msg = MIMEText(content, 'plain')
msg['Subject'] = 'Testing authenticated mail send using ' + principal
msg['From']    = usermail
conn.sendmail(usermail, usermail, msg.as_string())

为什么 Perl 代码不起作用？这 Whosebug question 没有帮助。（为什么不直接使用 Python 代码？所需的 Perl 代码是一个更大的 Perl 项目的一部分，所以我需要用 Perl 发送电子邮件。）

Answer 1

if (!$mailer->auth($principal, $password)) {
    die "error authenticating: $!" ;
}

一般来说，当 return 由 Net::SMTP 编辑错误时，查看 $! 并不是调试问题的正确方法。相反，应该检查 status and message。

我有根据的猜测是状态将 return 500，消息将 return:

Need MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL todo auth

这意味着您很可能还没有安装 Authen::SASL which is needed for doing authentication. This module is only an optional prerequisite of Net::SMTP since it is only needed when authentication should be done. See also the documentation for the auth method:

Attempt SASL authentication. Requires Authen::SASL module.

Answer 2

最终对我有用的是使用 use Authen::SASL qw(Perl):

use strict ;
use warnings ;

use Net::SMTP
#use Authen::SASL;         # This did NOT work.
use Authen::SASL qw(Perl); # This DID work.

my $smtp_server = 'smtp.example.com';
my $principal   = 'myusername';
my $password    = 'secretsecretsecret';

my $from        = 'myname@example.com';
my $to          = 'afriend@example.net';
my $subject     = 'Hello friend';
my $body        = 'Give me a call when you can.';

my $mailer = Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server, 'SSL' => 1, 'Port' => 465, 'Debug' => 1);
if (!$mailer) { die $@ ; }

if (!$mailer->auth($principal, $password)) {
    print "error authenticating; status is '" . $mailer->status() . "'\n";
    print "error authenticating; message is '" . $mailer->message() . "\n'";
    exit 1;                                                                                                                  
}

$mailer->mail($from) ;
$mailer->to($to) ;
$mailer->data();
$mailer->datasend("To: $to");
$mailer->datasend("\n");
$mailer->datasend("Subject: $subject");
$mailer->datasend("\n");
$mailer->datasend($body);
$mailer->dataend();
$mailer->quit;

这引出了一个问题，即 为什么 use Authen::SASL; 不起作用。

Perl TLS SMTP 在身份验证步骤中发送失败

Perl TLS SMTP send failing on authentication step

perl

smtp

smtp-auth