注入的 class 名称可以用作友元声明中的类型名称吗?

Can an injected class name be used as a type name in a friend declaration?

考虑这段代码:

template <typename T>
class Singleton
{
};

class Logger : public Singleton<Logger> {
    friend class Singleton;
};

它在 gcc 和 clang 中编译,但它有效吗? [temp.local].1 说:

When it is used with a template-argument-list, as a template-argument for a template template-parameter, or as the final identifier in the elaborated-type-specifier of a friend class template declaration, it is a template-name that refers to the class template itself.

粗体部分似乎适用,友元声明似乎需要类型名称而不是模板名称(参见 [class.friend])。

是编译器错了还是我误读了标准?

[temp.local] that use inheritance are using a templated Derived class, thus there is a need to access the Base with a qualified name, i.e. through the Derived, as in [temp.local]#example-2中的所有示例:

template <class T> struct Base {
  Base* p;
};

template <class T> struct Derived: public Base<T> {
    typename Derived::Base* p;   // meaning Derived​::​Base<T>
};

这是为了克服dependent name lookup rules.

规范的这一部分中没有 非模板派生 的示例,但如果派生不是模板化的,则以下内容也应该有效:

// same Base as above
struct Derived: public Base<int> {
    Base* p;   // meaning Derived​::​Base<int>
};

这被解释为:

struct Derived: public Base<int> {
    Derived::Base* p;
};

解释为:

struct Derived: public Base<int> {
    Derived::Base<int>* p;
};

在我们的案例中:

class Logger : public Singleton<Logger> {
    friend class Singleton;
};

等同于:

class Logger : public Singleton<Logger> {
    friend class Logger::Singleton;
};

与以下相同:

class Logger : public Singleton<Logger> {
    friend class Logger::Singleton<Logger>;
};

需要注意的是injected-class-name的spec中的定义是指:

The class-name is also bound in the scope of the class (template) itself; this is known as the injected-class-name.

我会把 template 这个词出现在括号中这一事实作为规范的提示,可能会出现 injected-class-name也在非模​​板化 class 中。事实上,它在规范的其他地方使用,在非模板上下文中,例如 here and here.

为了关闭它,规范在 [dcl.type.simple]#note-1:

添加了

An injected-class-name is never interpreted as a template-name in contexts where class template argument deduction would be performed ([temp.local]).

所以,我会说你的代码符合规范。


请注意,[temp.local]#example-1 指的是编译器不会将 class Y 视为 Y<int> 而是 ::Y:

的情况
template<template<class> class T> class A { };
template<class T> class Y;
template<> class Y<int> {
  Y* p;                                 // meaning Y<int>
  Y<char>* q;                           // meaning Y<char>
  A<Y>* a;                              // meaning A<​::​Y>
  class B {
    template<class> friend class Y;     // meaning ​::​Y
  };
};

最后一个例子也适用于我们的例子,用于声明所有类型的单身人士成为好友:

class Logger : public Singleton<Logger> {
    template<class> friend class Singleton; // refers to ::Singleton
};

然而,由于 old reappearing bug in GCC.

,上述代码无法在 GCC 中编译

要克服 GCC 错误,可以使用更详细的选项:

class Logger : public Singleton<Logger> {
    template<class> friend class ::Singleton; // OK with GCC and Clang
};

要玩的代码:https://godbolt.org/z/Mcez17

When it is used with a template-argument-list, as a template-argument for a template template-parameter, or as the final identifier in the elaborated-type-specifier of a friend class template declaration, it is a template-name that refers to the class template itself.

粗体条件不适用于该示例,因为名称出现在朋友 class 声明中,而不是朋友 class template 声明中.

粗体部分适用的类似代码:

template <typename T>
class Singleton
{
};

class Logger : public Singleton<Logger> {
    template <typename> friend class Singleton;
};

朋友 class 模板声明重新声明 class 模板 Singleton 并使其成为朋友。与 class 模板的第一个声明相同的语法也是合法的(参见 the example in [temp.friend]/1.4,其中 class 模板 frd 被声明并成为朋友),但第一个声明不能是注入的 class 名称的实例。