C++ 使用 Winsock2 sendto 函数发送 boost::dynamic_bitset

C++ send boost::dynamic_bitset with Winsock2 sendto function

我正在尝试使用 Winsock2 sendto 函数从 boost::dynamic_bitset 发送原始位。 MS 文档显示 sendto 使用 const char * 类型作为缓冲区参数。 如何只发送存储在 dynamic_bitset 中的原始位?我不知道如何转换或操作 dynamic_bitset 以便它可以在 sendto 函数中使用。

以下是我程序中的一些相关行:

#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <system_error>
#include <boost/dynamic_bitset/dynamic_bitset.hpp>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
using boost::dynamic_bitset;

dynamic_bitset<> getDynamicBitset() {
    //code to return a dynamic_bitset here
}
//create a dynamic bitset from a function
dynamic_bitset<> db1 = getDynamicBitset(); 

//manipulation of dynamic_bitset needed here to make it work in sendto as the buffer parameter

int ret = sendto(sock, buffer, len, flags, reinterpret_cast<SOCKADDR*>(&address), sizeof(address));

我在这里使用 Peter R 的示例代码: How do I receive udp packets with winsock in c++?

此外,我的问题与此有关,但我使用的是 C++ 而不是 C。 Sending a structure in the sendto() function - C language

我是 C++ 新手,几乎不懂指针和类型操作。

谢谢。

我之前为 dynamic_bitset 实现了序列化:

您可以使用该技术或基于相同接口的类似技术:

template <typename Block, typename Alloc>
std::string to_binary_string(boost::dynamic_bitset<Block, Alloc> const& bs) {
    uint32_t const num_bits = bs.size();
    auto const num_blocks = div_roundup(num_bits, sizeof(Block)*CHAR_BIT);

    // prepare zeroed output buffer
    std::string buf(sizeof(num_bits) + num_blocks * sizeof(Block), '[=10=]');

    // write size prefix 
    std::memcpy(buf.data(), &num_bits, sizeof(num_bits));

    // write block data
    if (num_bits > 0) { // mustn't pass nullptr to src argument of memcpy
        auto b = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(buf.data() + sizeof(num_bits));
        to_block_range(bs, b);
    }
    return buf;
}

你可以像这样发送:

std::string buf = to_binary_string(my_bitset);

int ret = sendto(sock, buf.data(), buf.size(), flags, reinterpret_cast<SOCKADDR*>(&address), sizeof(address));

类比的反序列化代码:

template <typename Block, typename Alloc>
void from_bytes(std::string_view buf, boost::dynamic_bitset<Block, Alloc>& bs) {
    // read the size prefix
    uint32_t num_bits;
    if (buf.size() < sizeof(num_bits)) {
        throw std::length_error("from_bytes");
    }
    std::memcpy(&num_bits, buf.data(), sizeof(num_bits));

    // shift buf to only cover the actual bit data
    buf = buf.substr(sizeof(num_bits));

    // read the bits as blocks
    bs.resize(num_bits);
    if (buf.size() % sizeof(Block) != 0) {
        throw std::length_error("from_bytes");
    }
    auto b = reinterpret_cast<Block const*>(buf.data());
    auto e = reinterpret_cast<Block const*>(buf.data() + buf.size());
    size_t const num_blocks = std::distance(b, e);
    
    // sanity checks block count vs num_bits
    if (num_blocks != div_roundup(num_bits, sizeof(Block)*CHAR_BIT)) {
        throw std::length_error("from_bytes"); // num_blocks doesn't match num_bits
    }

    from_block_range(b, e, bs);
    bs.resize(num_bits);
}

现场演示

Disclaimer:

  • Portability is NOT addressed here. If you send data across systems using different native byte orderings, the behaviour is unspecified, even though care has been taken to not BLOW UP, the data would be wrong even in the extremely unlikely event that the sizes would add up.
  • Similarly, no guarantees are made when the deserialized type doesn't exactly match the serialized type in terms of Block type.

That aside, the program tests edge cases and runs clean under ASAN/UBSAN.

Live On Coliru

#include <boost/dynamic_bitset.hpp>
#include <climits>      // CHAR_BIT
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
// demo output
#include <iostream>

static inline size_t div_roundup(size_t p, size_t q) {
    // quick&dirty, see 
    return (p+q-1)/q;
}

template <typename Block, typename Alloc>
std::string to_binary_string(boost::dynamic_bitset<Block, Alloc> const& bs) {
    uint32_t const num_bits = bs.size();
    auto const num_blocks = div_roundup(num_bits, sizeof(Block)*CHAR_BIT);

    // prepare zeroed output buffer
    std::string buf(sizeof(num_bits) + num_blocks * sizeof(Block), '[=13=]');

    // write size prefix 
    std::memcpy(buf.data(), &num_bits, sizeof(num_bits));

    // write block data
    if (num_bits > 0) { // mustn't pass nullptr to src argument of memcpy
        auto b = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(buf.data() + sizeof(num_bits));
        to_block_range(bs, b);
    }
    return buf;
}

template <typename Block, typename Alloc>
void from_bytes(std::string_view buf, boost::dynamic_bitset<Block, Alloc>& bs) {
    // read the size prefix
    uint32_t num_bits;
    if (buf.size() < sizeof(num_bits)) {
        throw std::length_error("from_bytes");
    }
    std::memcpy(&num_bits, buf.data(), sizeof(num_bits));

    // shift buf to only cover the actual bit data
    buf = buf.substr(sizeof(num_bits));

    // read the bits as blocks
    bs.resize(num_bits);
    if (buf.size() % sizeof(Block) != 0) {
        throw std::length_error("from_bytes");
    }
    auto b = reinterpret_cast<Block const*>(buf.data());
    auto e = reinterpret_cast<Block const*>(buf.data() + buf.size());
    size_t const num_blocks = std::distance(b, e);
    
    // sanity checks block count vs num_bits
    if (num_blocks != div_roundup(num_bits, sizeof(Block)*CHAR_BIT)) {
        throw std::length_error("from_bytes"); // num_blocks doesn't match num_bits
    }

    from_block_range(b, e, bs);
    bs.resize(num_bits);
}

int main() {
    ::srand(::time(0)); // extremely lazy bad random, sue me

    for (auto bits = 0; bits < 128; ++bits) {
        boost::dynamic_bitset<> my_bitset(bits), roundtrip;

        for (size_t bit = 0; bit < my_bitset.size(); ++bit)
            my_bitset.set(bit, rand()%2);

        from_bytes(to_binary_string(my_bitset), roundtrip);

        std::cout << "{" << roundtrip << "} " << (roundtrip == my_bitset? "OK":"ERROR") << std::endl;
    }
}

正在打印:

{} OK
{0} OK
{11} OK
{001} OK
{0010} OK
{01000} OK
{110011} OK
{0101011} OK
{01101101} OK
{101011011} OK
{1011100010} OK
{11100100110} OK
{110010010000} OK
{0011100110110} OK
{11100110110001} OK
{111101110011011} OK
{1011101100011011} OK
{10101000000110111} OK
{000000110100111111} OK
{0110001110100001011} OK
{11111111010010010110} OK
{010011100110111000011} OK
{0110011101111000111000} OK
{10011100110001001110101} OK
{011001001100011111010011} OK
{1101010010110100000100101} OK
{01101111001100100010111110} OK
{010101111001011111100011000} OK
{0101111001111001000001011011} OK
{10011101100111110110110001010} OK
{000001110000100011000011101000} OK
{1101010001101101111001001110000} OK
{11111010100111110010101111110010} OK
{110010101001101110000001011101110} OK
{1010100100010000011011011010000111} OK
{11101101111011011010110101101010000} OK
{110000101010100111010111011110100010} OK
{1000111110000001111010110000001111010} OK
{00010010011001111101101110101111000000} OK
{000000011000001100101000111110000111101} OK
{1000111111000000000111101110111101100010} OK
{01001110000011011100111110100100010111011} OK
{001000011101111001110111110000110100011001} OK
{0011010001000110100101000010110000101101001} OK
{01110111010111101000011110110011011110110101} OK
{111001000011011110001100000111001000001101010} OK
{1110001101010100101110100111001010100111111001} OK
{00110110011111110001110111110101101010100000110} OK
{101000100110100111001000110111010101101011000011} OK
{0011111001111000011010110110111110111011001101000} OK
{00011100110101100011000001010000111001011001111111} OK
{100101100001101111011001000101110100111110000100001} OK
{1110101000000100001111100111101101111100100011111111} OK
{00001010100111101001000100010111101101100101000001110} OK
{110101000110000011000100000001100100111101001100110011} OK
{1001111110001011100010011110001011010111101010101100100} OK
{00101001010011101000100110011011110101100110000110100010} OK
{010101000111011001001010011001010110111110101011001100100} OK
{0101100010000001010001110011001100000001011101101010110000} OK
{01000111001101100011000010010010111010010010111101101001010} OK
{000111101101111000011101101101101101100001011110111000001000} OK
{0111101011101011101000011001010000011001010111001001111000011} OK
{01000100010000000110001110110010110100001000001011110000010011} OK
{110100101010111101010010011100110000110100001010110100110001011} OK
{0111110001111011011001110000101100111011010000000101111010000111} OK
{01101000000101000000010010010100010101000110100011001010011011011} OK
{110111111011010011011001001011000100010000100001001000000111110011} OK
{0000111000100111101000000001111000011100000101010100001101111101111} OK
{11100101011110110110101100100100110110110110000000000101000000000011} OK
{111011000011111101100101001010010010101110001001100110111100101011101} OK
{1001110011100111010010110011010111111001100110010011010100101000010010} OK
{01011111001100011100000000011100000111010111001111100001100110001111110} OK
{010010111000101000111100000000010011111110010110011110000000000000001100} OK
{1101010011010110010100000100100110100100100110011100011010000001000001011} OK
{10100101001110110001011010010101100100110100011011001000010110100001101010} OK
{101010100011101100111000111001011011010111000101101011111011000001010111110} OK
{1011011101011011000101101101000110011001001001110101010010001010111000101011} OK
{01100101111100011110101000001010111101011011100101111000101110011011110011100} OK
{111100111010011100010111101010110101110000100111011001001111001100001011111110} OK
{0000010110001101001001110010011011010111100010100001111010100000100000101010010} OK
{10010100010000110101000000101001011011001001000110110110110001000001001000011011} OK
{011011101100001101001110111110000111010111010011001100100010011111110000101101000} OK
{0011001100110110111111101010011111010001000001110001010000101110111100100010111101} OK
{10001101001110001000001110110011111010010111100101011100111110010100010111100001010} OK
{111100011111110011011001001111101111110001010100010000001101000000101001111110011000} OK
{1001100110101000000110001000101010100101110100011100100010111111010101101001110000011} OK
{11000111100001000001001010010011010101100100101100001100101110010100000000000111100000} OK
{011011101010011001000000101101100011010110001000111010100001111000111001101011110111110} OK
{1011100111101110001111011101111010011100111111111110011010010000111101100000110111110000} OK
{11010010100011011010011111101011100101010100110100101001010011100011100001001000010001100} OK
{101100101110110110010010010001000010101100101010000110000100101111110100010111010111010000} OK
{1001100111111100000101011010100111101010000110010100100111011001010101111010100000000110011} OK
{11001000001101011000100011101111000001110011000100010011011011110010110001111001000101000010} OK
{010101110110011011001001111010100001101010110101001101010100110111011101001110111011111111001} OK
{0000001100010100101010000011000000100110011001011111101110100111011110100011011101001011001111} OK
{11101001010111000101001110011001010000000110010110011010100001000010011010010010010110110110100} OK
{100001001010100100000100111100101100000111111010110010101101000110010110010110011111110010111010} OK
{0110011101101011110011100101100110111110011110110001100101011000101110110001011110100000001010101} OK
{11111011101101010010010000101110000111011011001010001000000111101110110001000101110100110101001100} OK
{101001001001010101110010000100001000001101111111010000000110100111110001111010100100001001100100100} OK
{1010011111100001100101101110111001110011110100000100100100110011101110001000010000100001011101001101} OK
{10101011111010101101011101110010101111010001100011111000110011111011101110101110011011010111110011010} OK
{101001011011011011111101011110110000010001000011001011111100011000001100111100001000101111101000110100} OK
{1100001111000101010001010010000110011001111111011101100011111010100011110011011001001110010100111101010} OK
{01110111101110010010110110011011100101001010011010110010000011100111111101010110110001000111101011001011} OK
{111110001010000011111101001011100010111001001110001101001011100010111001011001111110001110111000010001010} OK
{1000110001111101001001100010011101011011000000001010111001111001100001001000101111001011010000011100100110} OK
{01101100101011110001001001101001110100111100111101000100010111101011000101101110101011010100011111110101111} OK
{100011010110010100001100010011111100101010011010110101001010000100011100011110000110111101000011011110010111} OK
{0001110100111110010010100101000111111101101110010011100110111101111001111111100101100000101110011011000001101} OK
{10000101011100100101100111111000010100011100010101111000001101010011111010011011011000110011000100110100101000} OK
{100110110011000000010000100011100010010101110000111010010101011000110101111101110011011101001011001101010001010} OK
{1001010100011011000111111111111001011010000001110100011100001101000001000010101000111110110010100101101111111111} OK
{00111000110111101110100111000110101111111101101100011111111110101010101001000000110000111101101111010011100011011} OK
{111100000100010001011010111001111111010111001101000100010011010110100111011010111101001110010001001111100110110010} OK
{1111110110110111110000001110010010100011000101001001111010001001111101111100000011000101001001001101000110000001100} OK
{11110101001111001100101001010100101110100011000101110001101101101110111101010101111011010100000110100011111011010101} OK
{100111000001000011100001011000001100100010101011110110001100010100001011111011000011100110011001101110011111101000101} OK
{1110110110010100001000101001001110100000110010110011110001111111110011111010000010111101001000110010011111001111101000} OK
{00000101100100000111110000100101010100101000011000111010110110111100111101111110110101100011101101011000000001001110111} OK
{010111011011000010001010010100010110001001101101101101001011010001000010010000000111011100100110101011001000001011011000} OK
{0011011110010110010111101101111100111110000010111101010001101111101101101001001000101101101001110000110000000110100010010} OK
{00001001010011101011011010010000000011000110011100000101111000100101111110101111100100011110100101011101101111100011100101} OK
{001011011110110000011010101000001001100100011001000100110100100111100101100010111101001010101100100100011010111010000101100} OK
{1111110110100111101011110100111011000001001111111010100011110001100100010010110110111110111100001011101000000100100000100100} OK
{01110000101110010101010110100001010010101010001111110100010111000011101000111010101111001011100111000011111011110011101011100} OK
{001100001010111010111001111011011000100100110010110001010000001110000001000110010101101000111110010101001010101100010111100011} OK
{1100011010110110001110101000110011110110010011010101110001010111110010000110011111110101111010110001010100110010000101001110011} OK