错误与行号有关，与代码无关。如何解决？

Question

我正在编写一个自学习汽车的程序，该程序可以行驶到 pygame 和 cython 的点。我认为问题是由 cython 编译器而不是 pygame 引起的，因为在该方法中与 pygame 没有任何联系。但是，当我对 .pyd 文件进行 cython 化时，没有给出任何错误。另外，如果我更改任何行的代码，例如，在错误所在的第 99 行之前添加一行，错误行不会移动一个，它会留在第 99 行。因此，错误以某种方式与行号而不是代码有关。这怎么可能？这是 class 和我遇到错误的方法：

cdef class Car:
    cdef:
        double speed, car_angle, wheel_angle
        Point position
        Polygon shape

    def __init__(self, position=(0.0, 0.0), speed=0.5, car_angle=0.0, wheel_angle=0.0):
        self.position = Point(*position)
        self.shape = Polygon(self.position, CAR_SHAPE[0], CAR_SHAPE[1], self.car_angle)
        self.speed = speed
        self.car_angle = car_angle  # from -pi to pi
        self.wheel_angle = wheel_angle  # from -MAX_WHEEL_ANGLE to MAX_WHEEL_ANGLE

一个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.pyx", line 83, in main.Population.__init__
    self.cars = [Car(position=CAR_START_POS, car_angle=random.random() * 2 - 1) for _ in range(amount)]
  File "main.pyx", line 99, in main.Car.__init__
    self.car_angle = car_angle  # from -pi to pi
AttributeError: 'main.Car' object has no attribute 'shape'
Exception ignored in: 'main.main'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.pyx", line 83, in main.Population.__init__
    self.cars = [Car(position=CAR_START_POS, car_angle=random.random() * 2 - 1) for _ in range(amount)]
  File "main.pyx", line 99, in main.Car.__init__
    self.car_angle = car_angle  # from -pi to pi
AttributeError: 'main.Car' object has no attribute 'shape'

编辑：如您所见，错误在第 99 行，但第 99 行是

self.car_angle = car_angle  # from -pi to pi

与属性形状无关。我已经在 init 函数之前得到了 class Car 的所有定义。而属性形状也在里面。那为什么说没有这个属性呢？

我正在使用 python 3.8，cython 0.29.21 这是完整的代码，如果你需要的话：

import random
from math import sin, cos, pi, sqrt

import numpy as np
import pygame

pygame.init()
cdef:
    tuple BG_COLOR = (10, 10, 20)
    tuple SIZE = (800, 600)
    double MAX_WHEEL_ANGLE = 0.872665
    tuple CAR_COLOR = (200, 200, 200)
    tuple CAR_SHAPE = (23, 10)
    tuple CAR_START_POS = (SIZE[0] / 2, SIZE[1])
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    font = pygame.font.SysFont("Arial", 18)
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE, pygame.NOFRAME)

def update_fps():
    cdef:
        str fps = str(int(clock.get_fps()))
        fps_text = font.render(fps, True, pygame.Color("coral"))
    return fps_text

cdef class Point():
    cdef double x, y
    cdef shift_x, shift_y

    def __init__(self, double x, double y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def __str__(self):
        return self.x, self.y

    cdef tuple to_array(self):
        return (self.x, self.y)

    cdef void rotate(self, Point center, double sine, double cosine):
        self.x = cosine * (self.x - center.x) + sine * (self.y - center.y) + center.x
        self.y = -sine * (self.x - center.x) + cosine * (self.y - center.y) + center.y

cdef class Polygon():
    cdef:
        Point center, p1, p2, p3, p4
        double length, width, radius, angle, sine, cosine

    def __init__(self, center: Point, length: double, width: double, angle: double):
        self.center = center
        self.length = length
        self.width = width
        self.radius = sqrt(width ** 2 + length ** 2)
        self.p1 = Point(center.x - width / 2, center.y + length / 2)
        self.p2 = Point(center.x + width / 2, center.y + length / 2)
        self.p3 = Point(center.x + width / 2, center.y - length / 2)
        self.p4 = Point(center.x - width / 2, center.y - length / 2)

        self.angle = angle

        sine, cosine = sin(pi - self.angle), cos(pi - self.angle)
        self.p1.x, self.p1.y = self.shift_x(self.p1.x, self.p1.y, sine, cosine), self.shift_y(self.p1.x, self.p1.y, sine, cosine)
        self.p2.x, self.p2.y = self.shift_x(self.p2.x, self.p2.y, sine, cosine), self.shift_y(self.p2.x, self.p2.y, sine, cosine)
        self.p3.x, self.p3.y = self.shift_x(self.p3.x, self.p3.y, sine, cosine), self.shift_y(self.p3.x, self.p3.y, sine, cosine)
        self.p4.x, self.p4.y = self.shift_x(self.p4.x, self.p4.y, sine, cosine), self.shift_y(self.p4.x, self.p4.y, sine, cosine)


    cdef shift_x(self, double x, double y, sine, cosine):
        return cosine * (x - self.center.x) + sine * (y - self.center.y) + self.center.x

    cdef shift_y(self, double x, double y, sine, cosine):
        return -sine * (x - self.center.x) + cosine * (y - self.center.y) + self.center.y

    def __str__(self):
        return (self.p1, self.p2, self.p3, self.p4)

    cdef tuple to_array(self):
        return self.p1.to_array(), self.p2.to_array(), self.p3.to_array(), self.p4.to_array()

cdef class Population:
    cdef list cars

    def __init__(self, amount: int):
        self.cars = [Car(position=CAR_START_POS, car_angle=random.random() * 2 - 1) for _ in range(amount)]

    cdef void go(self):
        for car in self.cars:
            car.go()

cdef class Car:
    cdef:
        double speed, car_angle, wheel_angle
        Point position
        Polygon shape

    def __init__(self, position=(0.0, 0.0), speed=0.5, car_angle=0.0, wheel_angle=0.0):
        self.position = Point(*position)
        self.shape = Polygon(self.position, CAR_SHAPE[0], CAR_SHAPE[1], self.car_angle)
        self.speed = speed
        self.car_angle = car_angle  # from -pi to pi
        self.wheel_angle = wheel_angle  # from -MAX_WHEEL_ANGLE to MAX_WHEEL_ANGLE

    cdef void go(self):
        self.position.y -= np.cos(self.car_angle) * self.speed
        self.position.x += np.sin(self.car_angle) * self.speed
        self.car_angle += self.wheel_angle
        self.draw()

    cdef void draw(self):
        pygame.draw.polygon(screen, CAR_COLOR, self.shape.to_array(), 3)
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (self.position.x, self.position.y), 1)

cdef class DNA:
    pass

cpdef void main():
    cdef bint close_program = False
    cdef Population cars = Population(1000)

    while not close_program:
        screen.fill(BG_COLOR)
        cars.go()
        screen.blit(update_fps(), (10, 0))
        clock.tick(60)
        pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

EDIT2: 最有可能的问题是 python 和 cython 版本。它创建的 .pyd 文件是 main.cp39-win_amd64，所以这意味着 cython 创建了一个文件用于 python 3.9，我使用 3.8，但试图从 3.8 转到 3.9。不幸的是，我不能将所有下载的库从 3.8 移动到 3.9，所以，继续使用旧版本。如果您知道如何移动所有库，请帮助我。否则，我不得不以某种方式说 cython 为 python 3.8 创建文件。而且我也不知道该怎么做。因此，有 2 种可能的解决方案：

将所有库移动到 python 3.9
说 cython 编译器使用 3.8 版本

Answer 1

问题出在 cython 和 python 版本上。现在我在 python 3.9 上做这个项目。我下载了这个项目需要的所有库，但如果有人能帮助我将所有 python 3.8 库移动到 3.9 而无需手动下载它们，那就更好了。

错误与行号有关，与代码无关。如何解决？

Error connected with line number and not the code. How to fix it?

python

pygame

cython

attributeerror

python-3.x