预期的浏览器二进制位置，但无法在默认位置找到二进制文件，未提供 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' 功能

Question

我正在尝试重新使用 Python Webdriver。我这里有代码

from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=r'C:\Users\Cody\Downloads\geckodriver.exe')
driver.get('http://inventwithpython.com')

这导致：

C:\Users\Cody\Projects>python accounting.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "accounting.py", line 4, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=r'C:\Users\Cody\Downloads\geckodriver.exe')
  File "C:\Users\Cody\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 170, in __init__
    RemoteWebDriver.__init__(
  File "C:\Users\Cody\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 157, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "C:\Users\Cody\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 252, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "C:\Users\Cody\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Users\Cody\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location, no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' capability provided, and no binary flag set on the command line

如果我尝试：

from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=r'C:\Users\Cody\Downloads')
driver.get('http://inventwithpython.com')

我明白了

C:\Users\Cody\Projects>python accounting.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Cody\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 72, in start
    self.process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, env=self.env,
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_3.8.2032.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\subprocess.py", line 854, in __init__
    self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_3.8.2032.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\subprocess.py", line 1307, in _execute_child
    hp, ht, pid, tid = _winapi.CreateProcess(executable, args,
PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "accounting.py", line 4, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=r'C:\Users\Cody\Downloads')
  File "C:\Users\Cody\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 164, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "C:\Users\Cody\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 86, in start
    raise WebDriverException(
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'Downloads' executable may have wrong permissions.

Geckodriver.exe 就在下载文件夹中。

Answer 1

这个错误信息...

selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location, no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' capability provided, and no binary flag set on the command line

...意味着 GeckoDriver was unable to locate the firefox 可执行文件在尝试 initiate/spawn 新的 浏览上下文 即 Firefox 浏览器 session.

原因

此错误的两个主要原因如下：

Firefox 未安装在您的系统中。
Firefox 没有安装在您系统的默认位置。

解决方案

可能的解决方案是：

如果您的系统中没有安装 Firefox，您需要在执行测试之前安装它。

如果Firefox安装在自定义位置，需要传递绝对路径 37=]firefox二进制如下通过一个Options()实例：

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
options.binary_location = r"C:/location/to/Firefox/Binary/firefox.exe"
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=r'C:\Users\Cody\Downloads\geckodriver.exe', options=options)
driver.get('http://inventwithpython.com/')

参考资料

您可以在以下位置找到一些相关的详细讨论：

SessionNotCreatedException: Message: Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location, no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary'
InvalidArgumentException: Message: binary is not a Firefox executable error using GeckoDriver Firefox Selenium and Python

预期的浏览器二进制位置，但无法在默认位置找到二进制文件，未提供 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' 功能

Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location, no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' capability provided

python

windows

firefox

selenium-webdriver

geckodriver

原因

解决方案

参考资料