Perceptron Logical OR ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()

Question

我发现了另一个标题几乎相同的问题，但它是关于逻辑与的，而我对逻辑或有疑问。

这是我的代码：

from numpy import array, random, dot
from random import choice
from pylab import ylim, plot

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt


def step_function(x): return 0 if x < 0 else 1


training_dataset = [

    (array([0, 1, 0.2345678]), 1),

    (array([1, 0, 1]), 1),

    (array([1, 1, 0]), 0),

    (array([1, 1, 0.5]), 1),

]

weights = random.rand(3)

error = []

learning_rate = 0.00000001

n = 100

for j in range(n):
    x, expected = choice(training_dataset)
    result = dot(weights, x)
    err = expected - step_function(result)
    error.append(err)
    weights = weights + learning_rate * err * x

for i in range(100):

    result = dot(i, weights)

    print("{}: {} -> {}".format(i, result, step_function(result)))

ylim([-1,1])

plot(error)

plt.show()

我正在尝试制作一个感知器。我不知道问题是什么，但是 ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all() 当我将模型评估循环从 for i, _ in training_dataset: 更改为 for i in range(100): 时发生。我这样做是因为它只会向我显示 4 次输出，而我想查看程序运行 100 次。你知道为什么会这样吗？我该如何解决？

Answer 1

for 循环遍历 training_dataset，而不是范围。您需要为点函数提供训练数据集。

from numpy import array, random, dot
from random import choice
from pylab import ylim, plot

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt


def step_function(x): return 0 if x < 0 else 1


training_dataset = [

    (array([0, 1, 0.2345678]), 1),

    (array([1, 0, 1]), 1),

    (array([1, 1, 0]), 0),

    (array([1, 1, 0.5]), 1),

]

weights = random.rand(3)

error = []

learning_rate = 0.1

n = 100

for j in range(n):
    x, expected = choice(training_dataset)
    result = dot(weights, x)
    err = expected - step_function(result)
    error.append(err)
    weights = weights + learning_rate * err * x

for i in range(100):

    k = random.randint(len(training_dataset))
    
    result = dot(training_dataset[k][0], weights)

    print("{}: {} -> {}".format(i, result, step_function(result)))

ylim([-1,1])

plot(error)

plt.show()

Perceptron Logical OR ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()

Perceptron Logical OR ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()

python

numpy

perceptron