如何使用 React 中子组件的状态更新父组件?

How to update parent's component using state from child component in React?

我有 3 个组件。

在 ListCard.js 中,我映射卡片数组并根据用户点击的卡片调用 handleChangeCardData 来更新模态文本。

我的问题是:当我的 handleChangeCardData 函数在 ListCard.js 内并且我的模态处于同一级别时,我如何 update/change 模态的文本。 (都在Board.js)

Board.js

const [cardTitle, setCardTitle] = useState("");
return (
     {columns.map((column, index) => (
            <div className="column__container" key={index}>
              <div className="column__header">
                <div className="columnHeader__name">
                  <p>{column.name ? column.name : "..."}</p>
                </div>
                <div className="columnHeader__button">
                  <button
                    className="btn btn-sm --create-card-btn"
                    data-bs-toggle="modal"
                    data-bs-target="#modal-card"
                    onClick={() => setColumnId(column.id)}
                  >
                    New item
                  </button>
                </div>
              </div>
              <Droppable droppableId={column.id}>
                {(provided, snapshot) => (
                  <div
                    className="column"
                    ref={provided.innerRef}
                    {...provided.droppableProps}
                  >
                    <ListCard columnId={column.id} />
                    {provided.placeholder}
                  </div>
                )}
              </Droppable>
            </div>
          ))}
    <ViewCardModal cardTitle={cardTitle} />
)

LisCard.js

const handleChangeCardData = (cardTitle) => {
    setCardTitle(cardTitle);
  }

return (
{cards.map((card, index) => (
        <>
        <div key={index}>
          <Draggable draggableId={card.id} index={index}>
            {(provided, snapshot) => (
              <div
                ref={provided.innerRef}
                {...provided.draggableProps}
                {...provided.dragHandleProps}
              >
                <div
                  className="card --listcard-card"
                  onClick={() => handleChangeCardData(card.title)}
                  data-bs-toggle="modal"
                  data-bs-target="#modal-card-details"
                  style={{ border: `2px solid ${card.color}` }}
                >
                  <div className="card-body">
                    <p>{card.title}</p>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            )}
          </Draggable>
        </div>
        </>
      ))}
)

ViewCardModal.js

function ViewCardModal(props) {
    return (
        <div>{props.cardTitle}</div>
    )
}

不能直接做,必须借助道具。

在列表中:

onClick={() => props.onClick(card.title)}

入围:

 handleChangeCardData = (cardTitle) => {
    setCardTitle(cardTitle);
  }

<ListCard columnId={column.id}  onClick={(e)=>handleChangeCardData(e)}/>

一般来说,lift state up。在这种情况下,这听起来意味着将状态移动到 Board,然后将该状态传递给任何需要它的子组件(作为 prop),并将状态 setter 传递给任何(其他)子组件需要它

这是提升状态的最小示例。我没有尝试重新创建您示例的全部复杂性,只是提供一个 Parent 具有 ChildA 使用和 ChildB 设置的状态的示例:

const {useState} = React;

const ChildA = React.memo(({counter}) => {
    console.log("ChildA rendered");
    return <div>Counter = {counter}</div>;
});

const ChildB = React.memo(({setCounter}) => {
    console.log("ChildB rendered");
    return <input
            type="button"
            value="Increment Counter"
            onClick={() => setCounter(c => c + 1)}
        />;
});

const Parent = () => {
    const [counter, setCounter] = useState(0);
    return (
        <div>
            <ChildA counter={counter} />
            <ChildB setCounter={setCounter} />
        </div>
    );
};

ReactDOM.render(<Parent />, document.getElementById("root"));
<div id="root"></div>

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/17.0.1/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/17.0.1/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>

如果在保存状态的位置和需要它的后代组件之间存在多个层次结构级别,您可以改用 context instead of props (although you might also look at component composition。有关详细信息,请参阅这些链接。

ListCard 内:

const ListCard = ({setCardTitle}) => {...}

onClick={() => setCardTitle(card.title)}

在parent中:

<ListCard columnId={column.id}  setCardTitle={setCardTitle} />