在 QGraphicsScene 上绘制点时出现填充问题
Padding issue while drawing points over QGraphicsScene
我有一个 PyQt 应用程序，我在其中使用 QPainter 在 QGraphicsScene 上绘制点并制作了 drag n drop 之类的东西。
现在，我面临一个问题，那就是我无法拖动 QGraphicsScene 的极端角落和边缘的那些点。似乎总是留下一些填充或 space。
如何解决这个问题？
代码：
from collections import deque
from datetime import datetime
import sys
from threading import Thread
import time
import numpy as np
import cv2
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
class CameraWidget(QtGui.QGraphicsView):
"""Independent camera feed
Uses threading to grab IP camera frames in the background
@param width - Width of the video frame
@param height - Height of the video frame
@param stream_link - IP/RTSP/Webcam link
@param aspect_ratio - Whether to maintain frame aspect ratio or force into fraame
"""
def __init__(self, width, height, stream_link=0, aspect_ratio=False, parent=None, deque_size=1):
super(CameraWidget, self).__init__(parent)
# Initialize deque used to store frames read from the stream
self.deque = deque(maxlen=deque_size)
self.screen_width = width
self.screen_height = height
self.maintain_aspect_ratio = aspect_ratio
self.camera_stream_link = stream_link
# Flag to check if camera is valid/working
self.online = False
self.capture = None
self.setScene(QtGui.QGraphicsScene(self))
self._pixmap_item = self.scene().addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap())
canvas = Canvas()
lay = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
lay.addWidget(canvas)
self.setLayout(lay)
self.load_network_stream()
# Start background frame grabbing
self.get_frame_thread = Thread(target=self.get_frame, args=())
self.get_frame_thread.daemon = True
self.get_frame_thread.start()
# Periodically set video frame to display
self.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.set_frame)
self.timer.start(0.5)
print("Started camera: {}".format(self.camera_stream_link))
def load_network_stream(self):
"""Verifies stream link and open new stream if valid"""
def load_network_stream_thread():
if self.verify_network_stream(self.camera_stream_link):
self.capture = cv2.VideoCapture(self.camera_stream_link)
self.online = True
self.load_stream_thread = Thread(target=load_network_stream_thread, args=())
self.load_stream_thread.daemon = True
self.load_stream_thread.start()
def verify_network_stream(self, link):
"""Attempts to receive a frame from given link"""
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(link)
if not cap.isOpened():
return False
cap.release()
return True
def get_frame(self):
"""Reads frame, resizes, and converts image to pixmap"""
while True:
try:
if self.capture.isOpened() and self.online:
# Read next frame from stream and insert into deque
status, frame = self.capture.read()
if status:
self.deque.append(frame)
else:
self.capture.release()
self.online = False
else:
# Attempt to reconnect
print("attempting to reconnect", self.camera_stream_link)
self.load_network_stream()
self.spin(2)
self.spin(0.001)
except AttributeError:
pass
def spin(self, seconds):
"""Pause for set amount of seconds, replaces time.sleep so program doesnt stall"""
time_end = time.time() + seconds
while time.time() < time_end:
QtGui.QApplication.processEvents()
def set_frame(self):
"""Sets pixmap image to video frame"""
if not self.online:
self.spin(1)
return
if self.deque and self.online:
# Grab latest frame
frame = self.deque[-1]
frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
h, w, ch = frame.shape
bytesPerLine = ch * w
# Convert to pixmap and set to video frame
image = QtGui.QImage(frame, w, h, bytesPerLine, QtGui.QImage.Format_RGB888)
pixmap = QtGui.QPixmap.fromImage(image.copy())
self._pixmap_item.setPixmap(pixmap)
self.fix_size()
def resizeEvent(self, event):
self.fix_size()
super().resizeEvent(event)
def fix_size(self):
self.fitInView(
self._pixmap_item,
QtCore.Qt.KeepAspectRatio
if self.maintain_aspect_ratio
else QtCore.Qt.IgnoreAspectRatio,
)
class Window(QtGui.QWidget):
def __init__(self, cam=None, parent=None):
super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
self.showMaximized()
self.screen_width = self.width()
self.screen_height = self.height()
# Create camera widget
print("Creating Camera Widget...")
self.camera = CameraWidget(self.screen_width, self.screen_height, cam)
lay = QtGui.QVBoxLayout(self)
lay.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
lay.setSpacing(0)
lay.addWidget(self.camera)
class Canvas(QtGui.QWidget):
DELTA = 200 #for the minimum distance
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Canvas, self).__init__(parent)
self.draggin_idx = -1
self.points = np.array([[x[0],x[1]] for x in [[100,200], [200,200], [100,400], [200,400]]], dtype=np.float)
self.id = None
self.points_dict = {}
for i, x in enumerate(self.points):
point=(int(x[0]),int(x[1]))
self.points_dict[i] = point
def paintEvent(self, e):
qp = QtGui.QPainter()
qp.begin(self)
self.drawPoints(qp)
self.drawLines(qp)
qp.end()
def drawPoints(self, qp):
pen = QtGui.QPen()
pen.setWidth(10)
pen.setColor(QtGui.QColor('red'))
qp.setPen(pen)
for x,y in self.points:
qp.drawPoint(x,y)
def drawLines(self, qp):
qp.setPen(QtCore.Qt.red)
qp.drawLine(self.points_dict[0][0], self.points_dict[0][1], self.points_dict[1][0], self.points_dict[1][1])
qp.drawLine(self.points_dict[1][0], self.points_dict[1][1], self.points_dict[3][0], self.points_dict[3][1])
qp.drawLine(self.points_dict[3][0], self.points_dict[3][1], self.points_dict[2][0], self.points_dict[2][1])
qp.drawLine(self.points_dict[2][0], self.points_dict[2][1], self.points_dict[0][0], self.points_dict[0][1])
def _get_point(self, evt):
pos = evt.pos()
if pos.x() < 0:
pos.setX(0)
elif pos.x() > self.width():
pos.setX(self.width())
if pos.y() < 0:
pos.setY(0)
elif pos.y() > self.height():
pos.setY(self.height())
return np.array([pos.x(), pos.y()])
#get the click coordinates
def mousePressEvent(self, evt):
if evt.button() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton and self.draggin_idx == -1:
point = self._get_point(evt)
int_point = (int(point[0]), int(point[1]))
min_dist = ((int_point[0]-self.points_dict[0][0])**2 + (int_point[1]-self.points_dict[0][1])**2)**0.5
for i, x in enumerate(list(self.points_dict.values())):
distance = ((int_point[0]-x[0])**2 + (int_point[1]-x[1])**2)**0.5
if min_dist >= distance:
min_dist = distance
self.id = i
#dist will hold the square distance from the click to the points
dist = self.points - point
dist = dist[:,0]**2 + dist[:,1]**2
dist[dist>self.DELTA] = np.inf #obviate the distances above DELTA
if dist.min() < np.inf:
self.draggin_idx = dist.argmin()
def mouseMoveEvent(self, evt):
if self.draggin_idx != -1:
point = self._get_point(evt)
self.points[self.draggin_idx] = point
self.update()
def mouseReleaseEvent(self, evt):
if evt.button() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton and self.draggin_idx != -1:
point = self._get_point(evt)
int_point = (int(point[0]), int(point[1]))
self.points_dict[self.id] = int_point
self.points[self.draggin_idx] = point
self.draggin_idx = -1
self.update()
camera = 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
win = Window(camera)
sys.exit(app.exec_())
编辑：
我还有一个要求。
我的Canvasclass中的mousePressEvent和mouseReleaseEvent给我坐标w.r.t。我的显示器分辨率，而不是我想要它 w.r.t。 QGraphicsView。比如说我的 screen_resolution 是 1920x1080 我的 QGraphicsView 的大小是 640x480 那么我应该按照 640x480.
最简单的解决方案是为图形视图的布局添加 lay.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)：
class CameraWidget(QtGui.QGraphicsView):
def __init__(self, width, height, stream_link=0, aspect_ratio=False, parent=None, deque_size=1):
# ...
canvas = Canvas()
lay = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
lay.addWidget(canvas)
self.setLayout(lay)
<b>lay.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)</b>
# ...
但考虑到不建议这样做。
首先，您不需要单个小部件的布局，因为您可以创建以视图作为父级的小部件，然后在 resizeEvent:
# ...
self.canvas = Canvas(self)
def resizeEvent(self, event):
self.fix_size()
super().resizeEvent(event)
self.canvas.resize(self.size())
像 QGraphicsView 这样的小部件不应该设置布局，它不受支持并且在某些情况下可能会导致不需要的行为甚至错误。
在任何情况下，如果 QGraphicsView 用于绘画和鼠标交互，那么在 QGraphicsView 之上添加一个小部件没有多大意义：QGraphicsView 已经提供 更好 通过使用 QGraphicsRectItem 或 QGraphicsLineItem 来实现。
而且，即使不是这种情况，也应该在其 drawForeground() 实施中完成 在 图形视图上的自定义绘图。
我有一个 PyQt 应用程序，我在其中使用 QPainter 在 QGraphicsScene 上绘制点并制作了 drag n drop 之类的东西。
现在，我面临一个问题，那就是我无法拖动 QGraphicsScene 的极端角落和边缘的那些点。似乎总是留下一些填充或 space。
如何解决这个问题？
代码：
from collections import deque
from datetime import datetime
import sys
from threading import Thread
import time
import numpy as np
import cv2
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
class CameraWidget(QtGui.QGraphicsView):
"""Independent camera feed
Uses threading to grab IP camera frames in the background
@param width - Width of the video frame
@param height - Height of the video frame
@param stream_link - IP/RTSP/Webcam link
@param aspect_ratio - Whether to maintain frame aspect ratio or force into fraame
"""
def __init__(self, width, height, stream_link=0, aspect_ratio=False, parent=None, deque_size=1):
super(CameraWidget, self).__init__(parent)
# Initialize deque used to store frames read from the stream
self.deque = deque(maxlen=deque_size)
self.screen_width = width
self.screen_height = height
self.maintain_aspect_ratio = aspect_ratio
self.camera_stream_link = stream_link
# Flag to check if camera is valid/working
self.online = False
self.capture = None
self.setScene(QtGui.QGraphicsScene(self))
self._pixmap_item = self.scene().addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap())
canvas = Canvas()
lay = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
lay.addWidget(canvas)
self.setLayout(lay)
self.load_network_stream()
# Start background frame grabbing
self.get_frame_thread = Thread(target=self.get_frame, args=())
self.get_frame_thread.daemon = True
self.get_frame_thread.start()
# Periodically set video frame to display
self.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.set_frame)
self.timer.start(0.5)
print("Started camera: {}".format(self.camera_stream_link))
def load_network_stream(self):
"""Verifies stream link and open new stream if valid"""
def load_network_stream_thread():
if self.verify_network_stream(self.camera_stream_link):
self.capture = cv2.VideoCapture(self.camera_stream_link)
self.online = True
self.load_stream_thread = Thread(target=load_network_stream_thread, args=())
self.load_stream_thread.daemon = True
self.load_stream_thread.start()
def verify_network_stream(self, link):
"""Attempts to receive a frame from given link"""
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(link)
if not cap.isOpened():
return False
cap.release()
return True
def get_frame(self):
"""Reads frame, resizes, and converts image to pixmap"""
while True:
try:
if self.capture.isOpened() and self.online:
# Read next frame from stream and insert into deque
status, frame = self.capture.read()
if status:
self.deque.append(frame)
else:
self.capture.release()
self.online = False
else:
# Attempt to reconnect
print("attempting to reconnect", self.camera_stream_link)
self.load_network_stream()
self.spin(2)
self.spin(0.001)
except AttributeError:
pass
def spin(self, seconds):
"""Pause for set amount of seconds, replaces time.sleep so program doesnt stall"""
time_end = time.time() + seconds
while time.time() < time_end:
QtGui.QApplication.processEvents()
def set_frame(self):
"""Sets pixmap image to video frame"""
if not self.online:
self.spin(1)
return
if self.deque and self.online:
# Grab latest frame
frame = self.deque[-1]
frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
h, w, ch = frame.shape
bytesPerLine = ch * w
# Convert to pixmap and set to video frame
image = QtGui.QImage(frame, w, h, bytesPerLine, QtGui.QImage.Format_RGB888)
pixmap = QtGui.QPixmap.fromImage(image.copy())
self._pixmap_item.setPixmap(pixmap)
self.fix_size()
def resizeEvent(self, event):
self.fix_size()
super().resizeEvent(event)
def fix_size(self):
self.fitInView(
self._pixmap_item,
QtCore.Qt.KeepAspectRatio
if self.maintain_aspect_ratio
else QtCore.Qt.IgnoreAspectRatio,
)
class Window(QtGui.QWidget):
def __init__(self, cam=None, parent=None):
super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
self.showMaximized()
self.screen_width = self.width()
self.screen_height = self.height()
# Create camera widget
print("Creating Camera Widget...")
self.camera = CameraWidget(self.screen_width, self.screen_height, cam)
lay = QtGui.QVBoxLayout(self)
lay.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
lay.setSpacing(0)
lay.addWidget(self.camera)
class Canvas(QtGui.QWidget):
DELTA = 200 #for the minimum distance
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Canvas, self).__init__(parent)
self.draggin_idx = -1
self.points = np.array([[x[0],x[1]] for x in [[100,200], [200,200], [100,400], [200,400]]], dtype=np.float)
self.id = None
self.points_dict = {}
for i, x in enumerate(self.points):
point=(int(x[0]),int(x[1]))
self.points_dict[i] = point
def paintEvent(self, e):
qp = QtGui.QPainter()
qp.begin(self)
self.drawPoints(qp)
self.drawLines(qp)
qp.end()
def drawPoints(self, qp):
pen = QtGui.QPen()
pen.setWidth(10)
pen.setColor(QtGui.QColor('red'))
qp.setPen(pen)
for x,y in self.points:
qp.drawPoint(x,y)
def drawLines(self, qp):
qp.setPen(QtCore.Qt.red)
qp.drawLine(self.points_dict[0][0], self.points_dict[0][1], self.points_dict[1][0], self.points_dict[1][1])
qp.drawLine(self.points_dict[1][0], self.points_dict[1][1], self.points_dict[3][0], self.points_dict[3][1])
qp.drawLine(self.points_dict[3][0], self.points_dict[3][1], self.points_dict[2][0], self.points_dict[2][1])
qp.drawLine(self.points_dict[2][0], self.points_dict[2][1], self.points_dict[0][0], self.points_dict[0][1])
def _get_point(self, evt):
pos = evt.pos()
if pos.x() < 0:
pos.setX(0)
elif pos.x() > self.width():
pos.setX(self.width())
if pos.y() < 0:
pos.setY(0)
elif pos.y() > self.height():
pos.setY(self.height())
return np.array([pos.x(), pos.y()])
#get the click coordinates
def mousePressEvent(self, evt):
if evt.button() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton and self.draggin_idx == -1:
point = self._get_point(evt)
int_point = (int(point[0]), int(point[1]))
min_dist = ((int_point[0]-self.points_dict[0][0])**2 + (int_point[1]-self.points_dict[0][1])**2)**0.5
for i, x in enumerate(list(self.points_dict.values())):
distance = ((int_point[0]-x[0])**2 + (int_point[1]-x[1])**2)**0.5
if min_dist >= distance:
min_dist = distance
self.id = i
#dist will hold the square distance from the click to the points
dist = self.points - point
dist = dist[:,0]**2 + dist[:,1]**2
dist[dist>self.DELTA] = np.inf #obviate the distances above DELTA
if dist.min() < np.inf:
self.draggin_idx = dist.argmin()
def mouseMoveEvent(self, evt):
if self.draggin_idx != -1:
point = self._get_point(evt)
self.points[self.draggin_idx] = point
self.update()
def mouseReleaseEvent(self, evt):
if evt.button() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton and self.draggin_idx != -1:
point = self._get_point(evt)
int_point = (int(point[0]), int(point[1]))
self.points_dict[self.id] = int_point
self.points[self.draggin_idx] = point
self.draggin_idx = -1
self.update()
camera = 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
win = Window(camera)
sys.exit(app.exec_())
编辑：
我还有一个要求。
我的Canvasclass中的mousePressEvent和mouseReleaseEvent给我坐标w.r.t。我的显示器分辨率，而不是我想要它 w.r.t。 QGraphicsView。比如说我的 screen_resolution 是 1920x1080 我的 QGraphicsView 的大小是 640x480 那么我应该按照 640x480.
最简单的解决方案是为图形视图的布局添加 lay.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)：
class CameraWidget(QtGui.QGraphicsView):
def __init__(self, width, height, stream_link=0, aspect_ratio=False, parent=None, deque_size=1):
# ...
canvas = Canvas()
lay = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
lay.addWidget(canvas)
self.setLayout(lay)
<b>lay.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)</b>
# ...
但考虑到不建议这样做。
首先，您不需要单个小部件的布局，因为您可以创建以视图作为父级的小部件，然后在 resizeEvent:
# ...
self.canvas = Canvas(self)
def resizeEvent(self, event):
self.fix_size()
super().resizeEvent(event)
self.canvas.resize(self.size())
像 QGraphicsView 这样的小部件不应该设置布局，它不受支持并且在某些情况下可能会导致不需要的行为甚至错误。
在任何情况下，如果 QGraphicsView 用于绘画和鼠标交互，那么在 QGraphicsView 之上添加一个小部件没有多大意义：QGraphicsView 已经提供 更好 通过使用 QGraphicsRectItem 或 QGraphicsLineItem 来实现。
而且，即使不是这种情况，也应该在其 drawForeground() 实施中完成 在 图形视图上的自定义绘图。