全局变量在下一个循环之前不更新

Question

我正在尝试用 C++ 为我的 ESP32 构建一个转速计。当我在条件之外取消注释 Serial.printf("outside rev: %d \n", rev); 它起作用时，但是当我对其进行注释时，我得到的值比它们应该的值大几个数量级（700 转没有，7 转有）。我最好的猜测是 print 语句正在减慢 loop() 的速度，刚好足以让 incrementRevolutions() 在下一个循环之前将全局变量 passedMagnet 从 true 切换为 false。这是有道理的，因为延迟更新 passedMagnet 将允许 newRevCount++; 被多次触发。但这显然是我无法使用打印语句或逐步调试进行调试的事情，因为竞争条件具有时间敏感性。

bool passedMagnet = true;
int incrementRevolutions(int runningRevCount, bool passingMagnet)
{
//    Serial.printf("passedMagnet: %d ,  passingMagnet %d , runningRevCount: %d \n", passedMagnet, passingMagnet, runningRevCount);
    int newRevCount = runningRevCount;
    if (passedMagnet && passingMagnet)
    { //Started a new pass of the magnet
        passedMagnet = false;
        newRevCount++;
    }
    else if (!passedMagnet && !passingMagnet)
    { //The new pass of the magnet is complete
        passedMagnet = true;
    }
    return newRevCount;
}

unsigned long elapsedTime = 0;
unsigned long intervalTime = 0;
int rev = 0;
void loop()
{
    intervalTime = millis() - elapsedTime;
    rev = incrementRevolutions(rev, digitalRead(digitalPin));

//    Serial.printf("outside rev: %d \n", rev);
    if (intervalTime > 1000)
    {
        Serial.printf("rev: %d \n", rev);
        rev = 0;
        elapsedTime = millis();
    }
}

这是 Arduino 或 C++ 编程的已知问题吗？我应该怎么做才能解决它？

Answer 1

我觉得是考试惹的祸。我不得不重命名并移动一些东西以可视化逻辑，对此感到抱歉。

bool magStateOld = false;  // initialize to digitalRead(digitalPin) in setup()

int incrementRevolutions(int runningRevCount, bool magState)
{
    int newRevCount = runningRevCount;

    // detect positive edge.
    if (magState && !magStateOld)      // <- was eq. to if (magState && magStateOld)
                                       // the large counts came from here.  
    { 
        newRevCount++;
    }
    magStateOld = magState; // record last state unconditionally

    return newRevCount;
}

你也可以写成...

int incrementRevolutions(int n, bool magState)
{
    n += (magState && !magStateOld);
    magStateOld = magState;
    return n;
}

但最经济（也是最快）的方法是：

bool magStateOld;

inline bool positiveEdge(bool state, bool& oldState)
{
    bool result = (state && !oldState);
    oldState = state;
    return result;
}  

void setup()
{
  // ...

  magStateOld = digitalRead(digitalPin);
}

void loop()
{
    // ...

    rev += (int)positiveEdge(digitalRead(digitalPin), magStateOld);

    // ...
}

它是可重用的，并且节省了堆栈 space 和不必要的分配。

如果您无法从传感器获得干净的转换（正边缘和负边缘上的噪声，您需要使用计时器对信号进行一些去抖。

示例：

constexpr byte debounce_delay = 50; // ms, you may want to play with
                                    // this value, smaller is better.
                                    // but must be high enough to 
                                    // avoid issues on expected
                                    // RPM range. 
                                    // 50 ms is on the high side.
    
byte debounce_timestamp;            // byte is large enough for delays 
                                    // up to 255ms. 

// ...

void loop()
{
    // ...

    byte now = (byte)millis();

    if (now - debounce_timestamp >= debounce_delay)
    {
        debounce_timestamp = now;
        rev += (int)positiveEdge(digitalRead(digitalPin), magStateOld);
    }

    // ...
}

全局变量在下一个循环之前不更新

Global variable doesn't update prior to next loop

c++

arduino

arduino-ide

arduino-c++

esp32