在 Heroku 上缺少 Python headers (Python.h)
Missing Python headers (Python.h) on Heroku
我正在尝试向 Heroku 部署一个需要一些 C 扩展的 Python 应用程序。问题是，当我通过 git push heroku master 将应用程序部署到 Heroku 时，出现以下错误：
Counting objects: 9, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (7/7), done.
Writing objects: 100% (9/9), 1.04 KiB | 534.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 9 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote:
remote: -----> Building on the Heroku-20 stack
remote: -----> Python app detected
remote: ! Python has released a security update! Please consider upgrading to python-3.7.10
remote: Learn More: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes
remote: -----> Requirements file has been changed, clearing cached dependencies
remote: -----> Installing python-3.7.9
remote: -----> Installing pip 20.1.1, setuptools 47.1.1 and wheel 0.34.2
remote: -----> Installing SQLite3
remote: -----> Installing requirements with pip
remote: Obtaining file:///tmp/build_003b7c25 (from -r /tmp/build_003b7c25/requirements.txt (line 9))
remote: Collecting click==7.1.2
remote: Downloading click-7.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
remote: Collecting Flask==1.1.2
remote: Downloading Flask-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94 kB)
remote: Collecting gunicorn==20.0.4
remote: Downloading gunicorn-20.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)
remote: Collecting itsdangerous==1.1.0
remote: Downloading itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
remote: Collecting Jinja2==2.11.2
remote: Downloading Jinja2-2.11.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (125 kB)
remote: Collecting MarkupSafe==1.1.1
remote: Downloading MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (33 kB)
remote: Collecting Werkzeug==1.0.1
remote: Downloading Werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kB)
remote: Collecting youtube-dl==2020.12.14
remote: Downloading youtube_dl-2020.12.14-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.8 MB)
remote: Installing collected packages: click, Werkzeug, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, itsdangerous, Flask, gunicorn, youtube-dl, c-rename
remote: Running setup.py develop for c-rename
remote: ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
remote: command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/build_003b7c25/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/build_003b7c25/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' develop --no-deps
remote: cwd: /tmp/build_003b7c25/
remote: Complete output (20 lines):
remote: running develop
remote: running egg_info
remote: creating c_rename.egg-info
remote: writing c_rename.egg-info/PKG-INFO
remote: writing dependency_links to c_rename.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
remote: writing top-level names to c_rename.egg-info/top_level.txt
remote: writing manifest file 'c_rename.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
remote: reading manifest file 'c_rename.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
remote: writing manifest file 'c_rename.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
remote: running build_ext
remote: building 'c_rename' extension
remote: creating build
remote: creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
remote: creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/c_extensions
remote: gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m -c c_extensions/rename.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/c_extensions/rename.o
remote: c_extensions/rename.c:2:10: fatal error: python3.6m/Python.h: No such file or directory
remote: 2 | #include <python3.6m/Python.h>
remote: | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
remote: compilation terminated.
remote: error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
remote: ----------------------------------------
remote: ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/build_003b7c25/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/build_003b7c25/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' develop --no-deps Check the logs for full command output.
remote: ! Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
remote:
remote: ! Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote:
remote: ! Push rejected to free-music-web.
remote:
To https://git.heroku.com/free-music-web.git
! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/free-music-web.git'
据我所知，我缺少 Python.h header 文件，它是构建我的 C 扩展程序所必需的。
我已经试过了
apt install python-dev、python-devel、python3-dev 等等，但都产生相同的输出：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
W: Not using locking for read only lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend
W: Not using locking for read only lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock
E: Unable to locate package python-dev
cat /etc/os-release的输出如下
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04.2 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
现在，我该如何安装 python header？
提前致谢
#include <python3.6m/Python.h>
在我看来，这就像一个写得不好的 C 扩展，它被硬编码为只能在“Python 3.6 with PyMalloc”上工作。由于您使用的是 Python 3.7.9 路径显然不存在。
通常的做法是
#include <Python.h>
当 setuptools/distutils 构建模块时，它会适当地设置包含路径（您可以在输出中看到它是通过 -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m 完成的）。
就我个人而言，我对像这样对路径进行硬编码的任何 C 扩展持怀疑态度 - 这是一件很奇怪的事情，它不会让您对其余代码的质量抱有太大信心。也有可能此扩展仅经过测试或设计用于 Python 3.6，因此不能保证它可以在 Python 3.7 上运行（通常版本之间没有巨大的兼容性变化，但随后我们已经知道这个扩展作者做了一些奇怪的决定...）
我正在尝试向 Heroku 部署一个需要一些 C 扩展的 Python 应用程序。问题是，当我通过 git push heroku master 将应用程序部署到 Heroku 时，出现以下错误：
Counting objects: 9, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (7/7), done.
Writing objects: 100% (9/9), 1.04 KiB | 534.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 9 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote:
remote: -----> Building on the Heroku-20 stack
remote: -----> Python app detected
remote: ! Python has released a security update! Please consider upgrading to python-3.7.10
remote: Learn More: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes
remote: -----> Requirements file has been changed, clearing cached dependencies
remote: -----> Installing python-3.7.9
remote: -----> Installing pip 20.1.1, setuptools 47.1.1 and wheel 0.34.2
remote: -----> Installing SQLite3
remote: -----> Installing requirements with pip
remote: Obtaining file:///tmp/build_003b7c25 (from -r /tmp/build_003b7c25/requirements.txt (line 9))
remote: Collecting click==7.1.2
remote: Downloading click-7.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
remote: Collecting Flask==1.1.2
remote: Downloading Flask-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94 kB)
remote: Collecting gunicorn==20.0.4
remote: Downloading gunicorn-20.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)
remote: Collecting itsdangerous==1.1.0
remote: Downloading itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
remote: Collecting Jinja2==2.11.2
remote: Downloading Jinja2-2.11.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (125 kB)
remote: Collecting MarkupSafe==1.1.1
remote: Downloading MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (33 kB)
remote: Collecting Werkzeug==1.0.1
remote: Downloading Werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kB)
remote: Collecting youtube-dl==2020.12.14
remote: Downloading youtube_dl-2020.12.14-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.8 MB)
remote: Installing collected packages: click, Werkzeug, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, itsdangerous, Flask, gunicorn, youtube-dl, c-rename
remote: Running setup.py develop for c-rename
remote: ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
remote: command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/build_003b7c25/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/build_003b7c25/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' develop --no-deps
remote: cwd: /tmp/build_003b7c25/
remote: Complete output (20 lines):
remote: running develop
remote: running egg_info
remote: creating c_rename.egg-info
remote: writing c_rename.egg-info/PKG-INFO
remote: writing dependency_links to c_rename.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
remote: writing top-level names to c_rename.egg-info/top_level.txt
remote: writing manifest file 'c_rename.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
remote: reading manifest file 'c_rename.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
remote: writing manifest file 'c_rename.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
remote: running build_ext
remote: building 'c_rename' extension
remote: creating build
remote: creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
remote: creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/c_extensions
remote: gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m -c c_extensions/rename.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/c_extensions/rename.o
remote: c_extensions/rename.c:2:10: fatal error: python3.6m/Python.h: No such file or directory
remote: 2 | #include <python3.6m/Python.h>
remote: | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
remote: compilation terminated.
remote: error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
remote: ----------------------------------------
remote: ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/build_003b7c25/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/build_003b7c25/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' develop --no-deps Check the logs for full command output.
remote: ! Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
remote:
remote: ! Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote:
remote: ! Push rejected to free-music-web.
remote:
To https://git.heroku.com/free-music-web.git
! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/free-music-web.git'
据我所知，我缺少 Python.h header 文件，它是构建我的 C 扩展程序所必需的。
我已经试过了
apt install python-dev、python-devel、python3-dev 等等，但都产生相同的输出：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
W: Not using locking for read only lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend
W: Not using locking for read only lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock
E: Unable to locate package python-dev
cat /etc/os-release的输出如下
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04.2 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
现在，我该如何安装 python header？ 提前致谢
#include <python3.6m/Python.h>
在我看来，这就像一个写得不好的 C 扩展，它被硬编码为只能在“Python 3.6 with PyMalloc”上工作。由于您使用的是 Python 3.7.9 路径显然不存在。
通常的做法是
#include <Python.h>
当 setuptools/distutils 构建模块时，它会适当地设置包含路径（您可以在输出中看到它是通过 -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m 完成的）。
就我个人而言，我对像这样对路径进行硬编码的任何 C 扩展持怀疑态度 - 这是一件很奇怪的事情，它不会让您对其余代码的质量抱有太大信心。也有可能此扩展仅经过测试或设计用于 Python 3.6，因此不能保证它可以在 Python 3.7 上运行（通常版本之间没有巨大的兼容性变化，但随后我们已经知道这个扩展作者做了一些奇怪的决定...）