使用 memset 清除非平凡类型的对象时出错

error clearing an object of non-trivial type with memset

好吧,事情很简单,我明白了 warning: ‘void* memset(void*, int, size_t)’ clearing an object of non-trivial type ‘struct FormatHashBuffers(CBlock*, char*, char*, char*)::<unnamed>’; use assignment or value-initialization instead [-Wclass-memaccess] memset(&tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp)); 关于这个函数,我知道为什么,当我用 g++ 5 构建时没有警告,但是当我用 7.1 或 8.5 构建时我收到警告,知道为什么或如何解决它吗?提前致谢。

    void FormatHashBuffers(CBlock* pblock, char* pmidstate, char* pdata,
                       char* phash1) {
    //
    // Pre-build hash buffers
    //
    struct
    {
        struct unnamed2
        {
            int nVersion;
            uint256 hashPrevBlock;
            uint256 hashMerkleRoot;
            unsigned int nTime;
            unsigned int nBits;
            unsigned int nNonce;
        }
        block;
        unsigned char pchPadding0[64];
        uint256 hash1;
        unsigned char pchPadding1[64];
    }
    tmp;
    memset(&tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));

    tmp.block.nVersion = pblock->nVersion;
    tmp.block.hashPrevBlock = pblock->hashPrevBlock;
    tmp.block.hashMerkleRoot = pblock->hashMerkleRoot;
    tmp.block.nTime = pblock->nTime;
    tmp.block.nBits = pblock->nBits;
    tmp.block.nNonce = pblock->nNonce;

    FormatHashBlocks(&tmp.block, sizeof(tmp.block));
    FormatHashBlocks(&tmp.hash1, sizeof(tmp.hash1));

    // Byte swap all the input buffer
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(tmp) / 4; i++)
        ((unsigned int*)&tmp)[i] = ByteReverse(((unsigned int*)&tmp)[i]);

    // Precalc the first half of the first hash, which stays constant
    SHA256Transform(pmidstate, &tmp.block, pSHA256InitState);

    memcpy(pdata, &tmp.block, 128);
    memcpy(phash1, &tmp.hash1, 64);
}

any idea why

显然,-Werror 标志没有为您的 g++ v5 环境正确设置,或者当时的开发人员没有考虑到。它应该始终产生此警告。

how to solve it?

这里干脆不引用memset!由于至少相比之下存在 SHA256Transform(),因此在这里可以忽略可能的性能问题,因此您应该更喜欢在这里进行干净的显式初始化。尽量避免嵌套结构(因为内部已经在更“全局”的范围内进一步使用)并参考aggregate/uniform初始化或显式工厂方式。

您可以默认初始化您的成员变量:

struct {
    struct unnamed2 {
        int nVersion{};
        uint256 hashPrevBlock{};
        uint256 hashMerkleRoot{};
        unsigned int nTime{};
        unsigned int nBits{};
        unsigned int nNonce{};
    } block;

    unsigned char pchPadding0[64]{};
    uint256 hash1{};
    unsigned char pchPadding1[64]{};
} tmp;

这样就不需要 memset(&tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp)); 并且警告会消失。

要初始化结构变量,您可以使用

tmp = {};