用 pd.json_normalize 压平字典

Flattening dictionary with pd.json_normalize

我目前正在对这个字典文件进行扁平化处理,遇到了一些障碍。我正在尝试使用 json_normalize 来展平这些数据。如果我对单个实例进行测试,它可以工作,但如果我想展平所有数据,它将 return 一个错误,指出 key error '0' 我不确定如何解决这个问题。

数据示例-

data = {1:{
      'Name': "Thrilling Tales of Dragon Slayers",
      'IDs':{
            "StoreID": ['123445452543'],
            "BookID": ['543533254353'],
            "SalesID": ['543267765345']},
     2:{
      'Name': "boring Tales of Dragon Slayers",
      'IDs':{
            "StoreID": ['111111', '1121111'],
            "BookID": ['543533254353', '4324232342'],
            "SalesID": ['543267765345', '4353543']}}

我的代码

d_flat = pd.io.json.json_normalize(data, meta=['Title', 'StoreID', 'BookID', 'SalesID'])

设置

您的数据结构不便。我想关注:

  1. 'IDs'中的列表取到字典列表中,这样就方便多了。
  2. 删除父字典中无用的键。我们只关心价值观。

你的data

{1: {'Name': 'Thrilling Tales of Dragon Slayers',
     'IDs': {'StoreID': ['123445452543'],
             'BookID': ['543533254353'],
             'SalesID': ['543267765345']}},
 2: {'Name': 'boring Tales of Dragon Slayers',
     'IDs': {'StoreID': ['111111', '1121111'],
             'BookID': ['543533254353', '4324232342'],
             'SalesID': ['543267765345', '4353543']}}}

我想要的样子:

[{'Name': 'Thrilling Tales of Dragon Slayers',
  'IDs': [{'StoreID': '123445452543',
           'BookID': '543533254353',
           'SalesID': '543267765345'}]},
 {'Name': 'boring Tales of Dragon Slayers',
  'IDs': [{'StoreID': '111111',
           'BookID': '543533254353',
           'SalesID': '543267765345'},
          {'StoreID': '1121111',
           'BookID': '4324232342',
           'SalesID': '4353543'}]}]

重构数据

合理的方式

简单的循环,不要乱来。这让我们得到了我上面展示的内容

new = []

for v in data.values():
    temp = {**v}           # This is intended to keep all the other data that might be there
    ids = temp.pop('IDs')  # I have to focus on this to create the records
    temp['IDs'] = [dict(zip(ids, x)) for x in zip(*ids.values())]
    new.append(temp)

可爱的单眼皮

new = [{**v, 'IDs': [dict(zip(v['IDs'], x)) for x in zip(*v['IDs'].values())]} for v in data.values()]

pd.json_normalize

创建 DataFrame

在对 json_normalize 的调用中,我们需要指定记录的路径,即在 'IDs' 键中找到的 id 字典列表。 json_normalize 将为该列表中的每个项目在数据框中创建一行。这将通过 record_path 参数完成,我们传递一个 tuple 来描述路径(如果它在更深的结构中)或一个字符串(如果键在顶层,对于我们,它是)。

record_path = 'IDs'

然后我们想告诉 json_normalize 哪些键是记录的元数据。如果有多个记录,就像我们一样,那么元数据将为每条记录重复。

meta = 'Name'

所以最终的解决方案是这样的:

pd.json_normalize(new, record_path='IDs', meta='Name')

        StoreID        BookID       SalesID                               Name
0  123445452543  543533254353  543267765345  Thrilling Tales of Dragon Slayers
1        111111  543533254353  543267765345     boring Tales of Dragon Slayers
2       1121111    4324232342       4353543     boring Tales of Dragon Slayers

但是

如果我们无论如何都要重组,不妨进行重组,这样我们就可以将其传递给数据框构造函数。

pd.DataFrame([
    {'Name': r['Name'], **dict(zip(r['IDs'], x))}
    for r in data.values() for x in zip(*r['IDs'].values())
])

                                Name       StoreID        BookID       SalesID
0  Thrilling Tales of Dragon Slayers  123445452543  543533254353  543267765345
1     boring Tales of Dragon Slayers        111111  543533254353  543267765345
2     boring Tales of Dragon Slayers       1121111    4324232342       4353543

奖励内容

当我们在做的时候。关于每个 id 类型是否具有相同数量的 id,数据是不明确的。假设他们没有。

data = {1:{
      'Name': "Thrilling Tales of Dragon Slayers",
      'IDs':{
            "StoreID": ['123445452543'],
            "BookID": ['543533254353'],
            "SalesID": ['543267765345']}},
     2:{
      'Name': "boring Tales of Dragon Slayers",
      'IDs':{
            "StoreID": ['111111', '1121111'],
            "BookID": ['543533254353', '4324232342'],
            "SalesID": ['543267765345', '4353543', 'extra id']}}}

然后我们可以使用 zip_longestitertools

from itertools import zip_longest

pd.DataFrame([
    {'Name': r['Name'], **dict(zip(r['IDs'], x))}
    for r in data.values() for x in zip_longest(*r['IDs'].values())
])

                                Name       StoreID        BookID       SalesID
0  Thrilling Tales of Dragon Slayers  123445452543  543533254353  543267765345
1     boring Tales of Dragon Slayers        111111  543533254353  543267765345
2     boring Tales of Dragon Slayers       1121111    4324232342       4353543
3     boring Tales of Dragon Slayers          None          None      extra id
  1. 使用pandas.DataFrame.from_dict阅读data
  2. 'IDs' 列中的值转换为单独的列
    • .popdf
    • 中删除旧列
    • pd.DataFrame(df.pop('IDs').values.tolist()) 将每个 dict key 转换为单独的列
    • .join 新列返回 df
  3. pd.Series.explode 列中的每个 list.apply
  • 根据数据,有时 is to reshape the data, as shown by piRSquared
import pandas as pd

# test data
data =\
{1: {'IDs': {'BookID': ['543533254353'],
             'SalesID': ['543267765345'],
             'StoreID': ['123445452543']},
     'Name': 'Thrilling Tales of Dragon Slayers'},
 2: {'IDs': {'BookID': ['543533254353', '4324232342'],
             'SalesID': ['543267765345', '4353543'],
             'StoreID': ['111111', '1121111']},
     'Name': 'boring Tales of Dragon Slayers'}}

# load the data using from_dict
df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(data, orient='index').reset_index(drop=True)

# convert IDs to separate columns
df = df.join(pd.DataFrame(df.pop('IDs').values.tolist()))

# explode the list in each column
df = df.apply(pd.Series.explode).reset_index(drop=True)

# display(df)
                                Name        BookID       SalesID       StoreID
0  Thrilling Tales of Dragon Slayers  543533254353  543267765345  123445452543
1     boring Tales of Dragon Slayers  543533254353  543267765345        111111
2     boring Tales of Dragon Slayers    4324232342       4353543       1121111