如何从 tkinter 中的文本输入中获取变量?

How do I get a variable from a text input in tkinter?

我试图通过这样做从文本输入中获取变量:

username_var = StringVar()
user_name_input_area = Entry(top, width = 30, textvariable=username_var).place(x = 110, y = 100)
username = username_var.get()

然而,当我尝试访问函数中的变量时,它什么也没做。

我的两个函数是:

def ifSubmit():
    writeToFile(service)
    writeToFile(username)

def writeToFile(input_variable):
    with open("password&usernames.txt", "a") as input:
        input.writelines(input_variable)

但是当我打开文本文件时,什么也没有出现。我还测试了:

writeToFile('hello')

在这种情况下,我确实在我的文本文件中收到了 hello,所以我怀疑问题是变量而不是 writeToFile() 函数。

那么我是否正确检索了输入的文本?

完整代码:

import string
import random
from tkinter import * 

mypasslist = []

with open("password&usernames.txt", "r") as input:
    for line in input:
        items = line.split()
        mypasslist.append([item for item in items[0:]])


def generatePassword():
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.punctuation  + string.digits
    password =  "".join(random.choice(characters) for x in range(random.randint(8, 16)))
    return password

def writeToFile(input_variable):
    with open("password&usernames.txt", "a") as input:
        input.writelines(input_variable)

top = Tk()    
top.geometry("1920x1080")   

def ifSubmit():
    global a
    a = generatePassword()
    label1 = Label(top, text='Your password is: %s' % a, font=("Arial", 11)).place(x = 40, y = 170)
    label1 = Label(top, justify='left', text='Your password and username has been saved, you can access them below.').place(x = 40, y = 227)
    copy_button = Button(top, text = 'Copy', command=copyText).place(x=40, y=195)
    
    writeToFile(service)
    writeToFile(username)
    writeToFile(str(a))

def copyText():
    top.clipboard_clear()
    top.clipboard_append(a)
    top.update()

# the label for user_name  
Service = Label(top, text = "Service").place(x = 40, y = 60)   
user_name = Label(top, text = "Username").place(x = 40, y = 100)   

submit_button = Button(top, text = "Submit", command=ifSubmit).place(x = 40, y = 130) 

service_var = StringVar()
Service_input_area = Entry(top, width = 30, textvariable=service_var)
Service_input_area.place(x = 110, y = 60)
service = service_var.get()

username_var = StringVar()
user_name_input_area = Entry(top, width = 30, textvariable=username_var)
username = username_var.get()
user_name_input_area.place(x = 110, y = 100)

top.mainloop() 

有几件事很突出:

假设您正在创建标签小部件:

label = Label(top, text="This is a label").place(x=40, y=40)

这是不正确的。 label 将绑定到 place 方法返回的任何内容,因为您链接了 Label 实例化和 place 方法。 place 方法总是 returns None,因此 label 将是 None。您需要将其拆分为两个单独的语句 - 一个用于实例化和绑定小部件,另一个用于放置它:

label = Label(top, text="This is a label")
label.place(x=40, y=40)

您需要为脚本中的每个小部件执行此操作,无论它是标签、按钮等。

另外,在一些地方,你会做这样的事情:

var = StringVar()
entry = Entry(..., textvariable=var)
user_input = var.get()

这也是不正确的。您创建一个条目小部件,然后立即使用 var.get 从中读取。由于您刚刚创建了小部件,其内容将为空,因此在本例中 user_input 将为空。您也永远不会更改 user_input,或稍后再次从条目小部件中读取,因此您最终写入文件的内容将只是一个空字符串。一旦用户真正有机会写东西,您就需要调用 var.get。按钮回调将是执行此操作的好地方。

回答已经指出了大部分错误

我还看到你在 isSubmit() 功能下做错了一些事情。在这里,您创建了 2 个标签和一个按钮,只要按下提交按钮就会创建该按钮。您要么需要销毁以前的标签和按钮,要么只创建一次标签和按钮,然后使用 place()place_forget() 来显示和隐藏它们。此外,尽量避免使用 python 内置 class 和函数名称来命名变量。

这是您更正后的代码:

import string
import random
from tkinter import * 

mypasslist = []

with open(r"file.txt", "r") as inp:
    for line in inp:
        items = line.split()
        mypasslist.append([item for item in items[0:]])


def generatePassword():
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.punctuation  + string.digits
    password =  "".join(random.choice(characters) for x in range(random.randint(8, 16)))
    return password

def writeToFile(input_variable):
    with open(r"file.txt", "a") as inp:
        inp.writelines(input_variable)

top = Tk()    
top.geometry("1920x1080")   

def ifSubmit():

    passwd = generatePassword()
    label1.config(text='Your password is: %s' % passwd)
    label1.place(x = 40, y = 170)

    label2.config(text='Your password and username has been saved, you can access them below.')
    label2.place(x = 40, y = 227)


    copy_button = Button(top, text = 'Copy', command=copyText).place(x=40, y=195)
    
    writeToFile(service_var.get()+', ')
    writeToFile(username_var.get()+', ')
    writeToFile(passwd+'\n')

def copyText():
    top.clipboard_clear()
    top.clipboard_append(passwd)
    top.update()

# the label for user_name  
Label(top, text = "Service").place(x = 40, y = 60)   
Label(top, text = "Username").place(x = 40, y = 100)   

submit_button = Button(top, text = "Submit", command=ifSubmit).place(x = 40, y = 130) 

service_var = StringVar()
Service_input_area = Entry(top, width = 30, textvariable=service_var)
Service_input_area.place(x = 110, y = 60)

username_var = StringVar()
user_name_input_area = Entry(top, width = 30, textvariable=username_var)
user_name_input_area.place(x = 110, y = 100)


# label 1
label1 = Label(top, font=("Arial", 11))
label2 = Label(top, justify='left')

copy_button = Button(top, text = 'Copy', command=copyText)


top.mainloop()