如何在 Python 中按属性（数字前的字符串）对 XML 进行排序

Question

我想根据“条目”标签的属性“值”对下面的 xml 进行排序，并对数字之前的字符串（字母）进行排序。

<test>
    <entry value="-12" />
    <entry value="0" />
    <entry value="043" />
    <entry value="14" />
    <entry value="6" />
    <entry value="_null" />
    <entry value="abc" />
    <entry value="abcd" />
    <entry value="empty" />
    <entry value="false" />
    <entry value="test1" />
    <entry value="test2" />
    <entry value="true" />
</test>

我写了一些 python 来对 xml 进行排序，但它首先对数字进行排序，然后对字符串进行排序。我检查了这个，但无法实施任何排序解决方案 XML。

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ElT
import os
from os.path import sep

def sort_xml(directory, xml_file, level1_tag, attribute, mode=0):
    #mode 0 - numbers before letters
    #mode 1 - letters before numbers

    file = directory + sep + xml_file

    tree = ElT.parse(file)
    data = tree.getroot()
    els = data.findall(level1_tag)
    
    if mode == 0:
        new_els = sorted(els, key=lambda e: (e.tag, e.attrib[attribute]))
    if mode == 1:
        new_els = sorted(els, key=lambda e: (isinstance(e.tag, (float, int)), e.attrib[attribute]))

    for el in new_els:
        if mode == 0:
            el[:] = sorted(el, key=lambda e: (e.tag, e.attrib[attribute]))
        if mode == 1:
            el[:] = sorted(el, key=lambda e: (isinstance(e.tag, (float, int)), e.attrib[attribute]))
    
    data[:] = new_els

    tree.write(file, xml_declaration=True, encoding='utf-8')

    with open(file, 'r') as fin:
        data = fin.read().splitlines(True)
    with open(file, 'w') as fout:
        fout.writelines(data[1:])
        
        
sort_xml(os.getcwd(), "test.xml", "entry", "value", 1)

知道如何做到这一点吗？

Edit1：期望的输出

<test>
    <entry value="_null" />
    <entry value="abc" />
    <entry value="abcd" />
    <entry value="empty" />
    <entry value="false" />
    <entry value="test1" />
    <entry value="test2" />
    <entry value="true" />
    <entry value="-12" />
    <entry value="0" />
    <entry value="043" />
    <entry value="14" />
    <entry value="6" />
</test>

Answer 1

I took the part where the letters start and put it at the top. This the actual requirement to have the letters at the top, I don't care about the rest.

低于

 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

xml = '''<test>
    <entry value="-12" />
    <entry value="/this" />
    <entry value="0" />
    <entry value="043" />
    <entry value="14" />
    <entry value="6" />
    <entry value="_null" />
    <entry value="abc" />
    <entry value="abcd" />
    <entry value="empty" />
    <entry value="false" />
    <entry value="test1" />
    <entry value="test2" />
    <entry value="true" />
</test>'''

root = ET.fromstring(xml)
numeric = []
non_numeric = []
for entry in root.findall('.//entry'):
    try:
        x = int(entry.attrib['value'])
        numeric.append((x, entry.attrib['value']))
    except ValueError as e:
        non_numeric.append(entry.attrib['value'])

sorted(numeric, key=lambda x: x[0])
sorted(non_numeric)

root = ET.Element('test')
for value in non_numeric:
    entry = ET.SubElement(root, 'entry')
    entry.attrib['value'] = value
for value in numeric:
    entry = ET.SubElement(root, 'entry')
    entry.attrib['value'] = str(value[1])
ET.dump(root)

输出

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<test>
   <entry value="/this" />
   <entry value="_null" />
   <entry value="abc" />
   <entry value="abcd" />
   <entry value="empty" />
   <entry value="false" />
   <entry value="test1" />
   <entry value="test2" />
   <entry value="true" />
   <entry value="-12" />
   <entry value="0" />
   <entry value="043" />
   <entry value="14" />
   <entry value="6" />
</test>

Answer 2

我认为你的问题是当你排序时你正在检查值是 int 还是 float。事实上，所有的值都是字符串，例如isinstance(e.tag, (float, int)) 永远是假的。

像这样的排序函数可以满足您的需求

def sorter(x):
    "Check if the value can be interpreted as an integer, then by the string"
    value = x.get("value") 
    def is_integer(i):
        try:
            int(i)
        except ValueError:
            return False
        return True
    return is_integer(value), value

可以这样使用（使用StringIO代替文件）

from xml.etree import ElementTree
from io import StringIO

xml = """<test>
    <entry value="-12" />
    <entry value="0" />
    <entry value="043" />
    <entry value="14" />
    <entry value="6" />
    <entry value="_null" />
    <entry value="abc" />
    <entry value="abcd" />
    <entry value="empty" />
    <entry value="false" />
    <entry value="test1" />
    <entry value="test2" />
    <entry value="true" />
</test>"""

tree = ElementTree.parse(StringIO(xml))
root = tree.getroot()
root[:] = sorted(root, key=sorter)
tree.write("output.xml")

output.xml的内容是

<test>
    <entry value="_null" />
    <entry value="abc" />
    <entry value="abcd" />
    <entry value="empty" />
    <entry value="false" />
    <entry value="test1" />
    <entry value="test2" />
    <entry value="true" />
    <entry value="-12" />
    <entry value="0" />
    <entry value="043" />
    <entry value="14" />
    <entry value="6" />
</test>

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