为什么我的 Swift 网络请求不起作用?
Why aren't my Swift network requests working?
我第一次尝试 Swift/SwiftUI,所以我决定制作一个小型的 Hacker News 客户端。我似乎能够很好地恢复头条新闻的 id 列表,但是一旦 dispatchGroup
参与进来,就没有任何效果。我做错了什么?
Data.swift
import SwiftUI
struct HNStory: Codable, Identifiable {
var id: UInt
var title: String
var score: UInt
}
class Fetch {
func getStory(id: Int, completion: @escaping (HNStory) -> ()) {
let url = URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/item/\(id).json")
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url!) { (data, _, _) in
let story = try!JSONDecoder().decode(HNStory.self, from: data!)
print(id, story)
DispatchQueue.main.async {
completion(story)
}
}
}
func getStories(completion: @escaping ([HNStory]) -> ()) {
let url = URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/topstories.json")
var stories: [HNStory] = []
print("here")
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url!) { (data, _, _) in
var ids = try!JSONDecoder().decode([Int].self, from: data!)
ids = Array(ids[0...10])
print(ids)
let dispatchGroup = DispatchGroup()
for id in ids {
dispatchGroup.enter()
self.getStory(id: id) { (story) in
stories.append(story)
dispatchGroup.leave()
}
}
dispatchGroup.notify(queue: .main) {
print("Completed work")
DispatchQueue.main.async {
completion(stories)
}
}
}.resume()
}
}
ContentView.swift
(可能无关紧要,但以防万一)
import SwiftUI
struct ContentView: View {
@State private var stories: [HNStory] = []
var body: some View {
Text("Hacker News").font(.headline)
List(stories) { story in
VStack {
Text(story.title)
Text(story.score.description)
}
}.onAppear{
Fetch().getStories { (stories) in
self.stories = stories
}
}
}
}
struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ContentView()
}
}
通过调用 Fetch().getStories,Fetch
class 立即超出范围并且不会保留。
我建议将 Fetch
设为 ObservableObject
并在您看来将其设置为 属性:
@StateObject var fetcher = Fetch()
然后,致电:
fetcher.getStories {
self.stories = stories
}
如果您想使用它获得更多 SwiftUI 风格,您可能需要查看 ObservableObject
上的 @Published
属性以及如何让您的视图自动响应它们。通过这样做,您可以完全避免在视图中使用 @State
变量,不必使用回调函数,而只需将故事加载到 ObservableObject 上的 @Published
属性 .当 @Published
属性 更改时,您的视图将重新呈现。更多阅读:https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/swiftui/observable-objects-environment-objects-and-published
一个主要问题是这一行:
Fetch().getStories...
联网需要时间。您创建一个 Fetch 实例并立即让它自行销毁。因此它不能存活足够长的时间来做任何网络!您需要配置一个持久化的单例。
正如 OOPer 在评论中指出的那样,另一个问题是您的 getStory
创建了一个数据任务,但从未将其告知 resume
— 因此该方法根本没有进行任何联网,甚至如果有时间这样做。
FWIW,Swift UI,我建议您考虑使用 Combine 发布者来处理您的网络请求。
因此,要获得单个故事的发布者:
func storyUrl(for id: Int) -> URL {
URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/item/\(id).json")!
}
func hackerNewsStoryPublisher(for identifier: Int) -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: storyUrl(for: identifier))
.map(\.data)
.decode(type: HNStory.self, decoder: decoder)
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
以及上述序列的发布者:
func hackerNewsIdsPublisher(for ids: [Int]) -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
Publishers.Sequence(sequence: ids.map { hackerNewsStoryPublisher(for: [=11=]) })
.flatMap(maxPublishers: .max(4)) { [=11=] }
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
请注意,上面将它一次限制为四个,享受并发的性能提升,但限制它,这样你就不会冒后面的请求超时的风险:
无论如何,这是第一次获取 id 数组,然后启动上面的内容:
let mainUrl = URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/topstories.json")!
func hackerNewsPublisher() -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: mainUrl)
.map(\.data)
.decode(type: [Int].self, decoder: decoder)
.flatMap { self.hackerNewsIdsPublisher(for: [=12=]) }
.receive(on: RunLoop.main)
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
(现在,您可能会将以上所有内容都塞进一个发布者中,但我喜欢将它们保持在较小的范围内,因此每个发布者都非常容易推理。)
所以,把所有这些放在一起,你就有了一个像这样的视图模型:
import Combine
struct HNStory: Codable, Identifiable {
var id: UInt
var title: String
var score: UInt
}
class ViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var stories: [HNStory] = []
private let networkManager = NetworkManager()
private var request: AnyCancellable?
func fetch() {
request = networkManager.hackerNewsPublisher().sink { completion in
if case .failure(let error) = completion {
print(error)
}
} receiveValue: {
self.stories.append([=13=])
}
}
}
class NetworkManager {
private let decoder = JSONDecoder()
let mainUrl = URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/topstories.json")!
func storyUrl(for id: Int) -> URL {
URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/item/\(id).json")!
}
func hackerNewsPublisher() -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: mainUrl)
.map(\.data)
.decode(type: [Int].self, decoder: decoder)
.flatMap { self.hackerNewsIdsPublisher(for: [=13=]) }
.receive(on: RunLoop.main)
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
// publisher for array of news stories, processing max of 4 at a time
func hackerNewsIdsPublisher(for ids: [Int]) -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
Publishers.Sequence(sequence: ids.map { hackerNewsStoryPublisher(for: [=13=]) })
.flatMap(maxPublishers: .max(4)) { [=13=] }
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
// publisher for single news story
func hackerNewsStoryPublisher(for identifier: Int) -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: storyUrl(for: identifier))
.map(\.data)
.decode(type: HNStory.self, decoder: decoder)
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
}
而你的主要 ContentView
是:
struct ContentView: View {
@ObservedObject var viewModel = ViewModel()
var body: some View {
Text("Hacker News").font(.headline)
List(viewModel.stories) { story in
VStack {
Text(story.title)
Text(story.score.description)
}
}.onAppear {
viewModel.fetch()
}
}
}
我第一次尝试 Swift/SwiftUI,所以我决定制作一个小型的 Hacker News 客户端。我似乎能够很好地恢复头条新闻的 id 列表,但是一旦 dispatchGroup
参与进来,就没有任何效果。我做错了什么?
Data.swift
import SwiftUI
struct HNStory: Codable, Identifiable {
var id: UInt
var title: String
var score: UInt
}
class Fetch {
func getStory(id: Int, completion: @escaping (HNStory) -> ()) {
let url = URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/item/\(id).json")
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url!) { (data, _, _) in
let story = try!JSONDecoder().decode(HNStory.self, from: data!)
print(id, story)
DispatchQueue.main.async {
completion(story)
}
}
}
func getStories(completion: @escaping ([HNStory]) -> ()) {
let url = URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/topstories.json")
var stories: [HNStory] = []
print("here")
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url!) { (data, _, _) in
var ids = try!JSONDecoder().decode([Int].self, from: data!)
ids = Array(ids[0...10])
print(ids)
let dispatchGroup = DispatchGroup()
for id in ids {
dispatchGroup.enter()
self.getStory(id: id) { (story) in
stories.append(story)
dispatchGroup.leave()
}
}
dispatchGroup.notify(queue: .main) {
print("Completed work")
DispatchQueue.main.async {
completion(stories)
}
}
}.resume()
}
}
ContentView.swift
(可能无关紧要,但以防万一)
import SwiftUI
struct ContentView: View {
@State private var stories: [HNStory] = []
var body: some View {
Text("Hacker News").font(.headline)
List(stories) { story in
VStack {
Text(story.title)
Text(story.score.description)
}
}.onAppear{
Fetch().getStories { (stories) in
self.stories = stories
}
}
}
}
struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ContentView()
}
}
通过调用 Fetch().getStories,Fetch
class 立即超出范围并且不会保留。
我建议将 Fetch
设为 ObservableObject
并在您看来将其设置为 属性:
@StateObject var fetcher = Fetch()
然后,致电:
fetcher.getStories {
self.stories = stories
}
如果您想使用它获得更多 SwiftUI 风格,您可能需要查看 ObservableObject
上的 @Published
属性以及如何让您的视图自动响应它们。通过这样做,您可以完全避免在视图中使用 @State
变量,不必使用回调函数,而只需将故事加载到 ObservableObject 上的 @Published
属性 .当 @Published
属性 更改时,您的视图将重新呈现。更多阅读:https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/swiftui/observable-objects-environment-objects-and-published
一个主要问题是这一行:
Fetch().getStories...
联网需要时间。您创建一个 Fetch 实例并立即让它自行销毁。因此它不能存活足够长的时间来做任何网络!您需要配置一个持久化的单例。
正如 OOPer 在评论中指出的那样,另一个问题是您的 getStory
创建了一个数据任务,但从未将其告知 resume
— 因此该方法根本没有进行任何联网,甚至如果有时间这样做。
FWIW,Swift UI,我建议您考虑使用 Combine 发布者来处理您的网络请求。
因此,要获得单个故事的发布者:
func storyUrl(for id: Int) -> URL {
URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/item/\(id).json")!
}
func hackerNewsStoryPublisher(for identifier: Int) -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: storyUrl(for: identifier))
.map(\.data)
.decode(type: HNStory.self, decoder: decoder)
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
以及上述序列的发布者:
func hackerNewsIdsPublisher(for ids: [Int]) -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
Publishers.Sequence(sequence: ids.map { hackerNewsStoryPublisher(for: [=11=]) })
.flatMap(maxPublishers: .max(4)) { [=11=] }
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
请注意,上面将它一次限制为四个,享受并发的性能提升,但限制它,这样你就不会冒后面的请求超时的风险:
无论如何,这是第一次获取 id 数组,然后启动上面的内容:
let mainUrl = URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/topstories.json")!
func hackerNewsPublisher() -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: mainUrl)
.map(\.data)
.decode(type: [Int].self, decoder: decoder)
.flatMap { self.hackerNewsIdsPublisher(for: [=12=]) }
.receive(on: RunLoop.main)
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
(现在,您可能会将以上所有内容都塞进一个发布者中,但我喜欢将它们保持在较小的范围内,因此每个发布者都非常容易推理。)
所以,把所有这些放在一起,你就有了一个像这样的视图模型:
import Combine
struct HNStory: Codable, Identifiable {
var id: UInt
var title: String
var score: UInt
}
class ViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var stories: [HNStory] = []
private let networkManager = NetworkManager()
private var request: AnyCancellable?
func fetch() {
request = networkManager.hackerNewsPublisher().sink { completion in
if case .failure(let error) = completion {
print(error)
}
} receiveValue: {
self.stories.append([=13=])
}
}
}
class NetworkManager {
private let decoder = JSONDecoder()
let mainUrl = URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/topstories.json")!
func storyUrl(for id: Int) -> URL {
URL(string: "https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/item/\(id).json")!
}
func hackerNewsPublisher() -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: mainUrl)
.map(\.data)
.decode(type: [Int].self, decoder: decoder)
.flatMap { self.hackerNewsIdsPublisher(for: [=13=]) }
.receive(on: RunLoop.main)
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
// publisher for array of news stories, processing max of 4 at a time
func hackerNewsIdsPublisher(for ids: [Int]) -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
Publishers.Sequence(sequence: ids.map { hackerNewsStoryPublisher(for: [=13=]) })
.flatMap(maxPublishers: .max(4)) { [=13=] }
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
// publisher for single news story
func hackerNewsStoryPublisher(for identifier: Int) -> AnyPublisher<HNStory, Error> {
URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: storyUrl(for: identifier))
.map(\.data)
.decode(type: HNStory.self, decoder: decoder)
.eraseToAnyPublisher()
}
}
而你的主要 ContentView
是:
struct ContentView: View {
@ObservedObject var viewModel = ViewModel()
var body: some View {
Text("Hacker News").font(.headline)
List(viewModel.stories) { story in
VStack {
Text(story.title)
Text(story.score.description)
}
}.onAppear {
viewModel.fetch()
}
}
}