rails 中止！当 运行 `rails new` 和 `rails s` 给出 nokogiri 和 dlopen 的加载错误
rails aborted! when running `rails new` and `rails s` giving load error for nokogiri and dlopen
我在 macOS 上并尝试使用 rails new MyBlog -T --database:postgresql 启动一个新的 rails 应用程序，我收到以下错误对话框（rails s:
LoadError: cannot load such file -- nokogiri/nokogiri
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:89:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:44:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/extension.rb:25:in `rescue in <main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/extension.rb:4:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri.rb:11:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/actiontext-6.1.3/lib/action_text.rb:6:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/actiontext-6.1.3/lib/action_text/engine.rb:8:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/config/application.rb:12:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:53:in `require_relative'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/Rakefile:4:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:20:in `block in perform'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:18:in `perform'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:52:in `invoke'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/rails:5:in `<top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:10:in `block in <top (required)>'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:7:in `tap'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:7:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:2:in `load'
bin/rails:2:in `<main>'
Caused by:
LoadError: dlopen(/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/2.6/nokogiri.bundle, 0x0009): could not use '/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/2.6/nokogiri.bundle' because it is not a compatible arch - /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/2.6/nokogiri.bundle
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/extension.rb:6:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri.rb:11:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/actiontext-6.1.3/lib/action_text.rb:6:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/actiontext-6.1.3/lib/action_text/engine.rb:8:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/config/application.rb:12:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:53:in `require_relative'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/Rakefile:4:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:20:in `block in perform'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:18:in `perform'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:52:in `invoke'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/rails:5:in `<top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:10:in `block in <top (required)>'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:7:in `tap'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:7:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:2:in `load'
bin/rails:2:in `<main>'
我尝试了 bundle update 和 bundle install，没有任何改变。
当我尝试 gem uninstall nokogiri 我得到
gem uninstall nokogiri
Select gem to uninstall:
1. nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin
2. nokogiri-1.11.2-x86_64-darwin
3. All versions
>
und with 3 I 运行 成
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0 directory.
有人可以帮我吗？
权限错误可能意味着 gem 已被用户 root 安装，执行类似 sudo gem install 的操作，这意味着您也必须使用 sudo 来删除它。
现在 nokogiri gem 通常依赖于所谓的本机扩展，即必须为特定类型的平台编译的代码。
在这里我们可以看到您为 x86_64-darwin 和 arm64-darwin 安装了 nokogiri。
这里darwin指的是你的操作系统(mac OS)
x86_64 是为 64 位版本的 intel 系列处理器命名的代码，也称为 amd64 因为第一个这样的处理器是由 AMD 开发的。
arm64 是另一种计算机架构，基于 ARM，由于能耗较低，因此经常用于手机和平板电脑。
arm64-darwin指的是新的Apple Silicon架构。
现在dlopen是加载共享库(.so)的Capi，报告清楚：
could not use '.../nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/l...' because it is not a compatible arch
所以你知道它在你的系统上不可用。这意味着您可以安全地删除它。
此外，您可以尝试使用 asdf、rbenv、rvm 或类似的东西来管理您的 ruby 版本，这也将保留您的 gems（取决于您的配置方式）在您的用户文件夹中，因此您无需担心 sudo.
我在本地环境中遇到了同样的问题（MAC OS Catalina 10.15.7，ruby 2.6.3p62，Rails 6.1.3）我能够通过执行以下操作解决它。
# Remove all versions of the nokogiri gem
sudo gem uninstall nokogiri
brew install libxml2
gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries \
--with-xml2-include=$(brew --prefix libxml2)/include/libxml2
然后从您的 Gemfile.lock.
中删除 nokogiri (1.11.2-arm64-darwin) 依赖项
nokogiri (1.11.2-arm64-darwin)
racc (~> 1.4)
通过 brew 安装 libxml2 并将其用于 nokogiri 的想法 gem 我是从这里得到的：https://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html#macos-error-use-of-undeclared-identifier-lzma_ok（解决方案 2）
希望对您有所帮助！快乐 rails 编码！
更新
您可能不需要卸载 nokogiri 并安装 libxml2。只需从 Gemfile.lock 中删除 nokogiri (1.11.2-arm64-darwin) 即可解决问题
我在 macOS 上并尝试使用 rails new MyBlog -T --database:postgresql 启动一个新的 rails 应用程序，我收到以下错误对话框（rails s:
LoadError: cannot load such file -- nokogiri/nokogiri
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:89:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:44:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/extension.rb:25:in `rescue in <main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/extension.rb:4:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri.rb:11:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/actiontext-6.1.3/lib/action_text.rb:6:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/actiontext-6.1.3/lib/action_text/engine.rb:8:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/config/application.rb:12:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:53:in `require_relative'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/Rakefile:4:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:20:in `block in perform'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:18:in `perform'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:52:in `invoke'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/rails:5:in `<top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:10:in `block in <top (required)>'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:7:in `tap'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:7:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:2:in `load'
bin/rails:2:in `<main>'
Caused by:
LoadError: dlopen(/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/2.6/nokogiri.bundle, 0x0009): could not use '/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/2.6/nokogiri.bundle' because it is not a compatible arch - /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/2.6/nokogiri.bundle
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri/extension.rb:6:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/lib/nokogiri.rb:11:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/actiontext-6.1.3/lib/action_text.rb:6:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/actiontext-6.1.3/lib/action_text/engine.rb:8:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `block in require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:299:in `load_dependency'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-6.1.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:332:in `require'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/config/application.rb:12:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:53:in `require_relative'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/Rakefile:4:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:20:in `block in perform'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:18:in `perform'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:52:in `invoke'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-6.1.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:31:in `require'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/rails:5:in `<top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `load'
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.1.1/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:10:in `block in <top (required)>'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:7:in `tap'
/Users/me/CodeProjects/MyBlog/bin/spring:7:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:2:in `load'
bin/rails:2:in `<main>'
我尝试了 bundle update 和 bundle install，没有任何改变。
当我尝试 gem uninstall nokogiri 我得到
gem uninstall nokogiri
Select gem to uninstall:
1. nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin
2. nokogiri-1.11.2-x86_64-darwin
3. All versions
>
und with 3 I 运行 成
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0 directory.
有人可以帮我吗？
权限错误可能意味着 gem 已被用户 root 安装，执行类似 sudo gem install 的操作，这意味着您也必须使用 sudo 来删除它。
现在 nokogiri gem 通常依赖于所谓的本机扩展，即必须为特定类型的平台编译的代码。
在这里我们可以看到您为 x86_64-darwin 和 arm64-darwin 安装了 nokogiri。
这里darwin指的是你的操作系统(mac OS)
x86_64 是为 64 位版本的 intel 系列处理器命名的代码，也称为 amd64 因为第一个这样的处理器是由 AMD 开发的。
arm64 是另一种计算机架构，基于 ARM，由于能耗较低，因此经常用于手机和平板电脑。
arm64-darwin指的是新的Apple Silicon架构。
现在dlopen是加载共享库(.so)的Capi，报告清楚：
could not use '.../nokogiri-1.11.2-arm64-darwin/l...' because it is not a compatible arch
所以你知道它在你的系统上不可用。这意味着您可以安全地删除它。
此外，您可以尝试使用 asdf、rbenv、rvm 或类似的东西来管理您的 ruby 版本，这也将保留您的 gems（取决于您的配置方式）在您的用户文件夹中，因此您无需担心 sudo.
我在本地环境中遇到了同样的问题（MAC OS Catalina 10.15.7，ruby 2.6.3p62，Rails 6.1.3）我能够通过执行以下操作解决它。
# Remove all versions of the nokogiri gem
sudo gem uninstall nokogiri
brew install libxml2
gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries \
--with-xml2-include=$(brew --prefix libxml2)/include/libxml2
然后从您的 Gemfile.lock.
中删除 nokogiri (1.11.2-arm64-darwin) 依赖项nokogiri (1.11.2-arm64-darwin)
racc (~> 1.4)
通过 brew 安装 libxml2 并将其用于 nokogiri 的想法 gem 我是从这里得到的：https://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html#macos-error-use-of-undeclared-identifier-lzma_ok（解决方案 2）
希望对您有所帮助！快乐 rails 编码！
更新
您可能不需要卸载 nokogiri 并安装 libxml2。只需从 Gemfile.lock 中删除 nokogiri (1.11.2-arm64-darwin) 即可解决问题