C++:支持 std::complex<double> AND double 的通用 if 语句

C++: Generic if statement supporting std::complex<double> AND double

我们希望在我们的 C++ 代码中启用复杂的步骤微分。为此,我们引入了一个通用模板参数 template<typename number>,其中数字应默认设置为 double,或者如果需要则设置为 std::complex<double>。在某些函数中,我们还有 if 语句,它们也应该可以用复杂类型的值调用。有没有比 MWE 中下面的方法更聪明的方法来支持两者——double 值的比较以及 if 语句中 std::complex<double> 的实部?非常感谢!

#include <iostream>
#include <complex>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std::complex_literals;

template<typename number>
double make_real(const number& value)
{
  return std::real(value);
}

template<typename number=double>
number
compute_number(const number& x, const number& y)
{
  if (make_real<number>(x) < 1.0)
    return x;
  else
    return y;
}

int main()
{

  std::cout << "Evaluate function with double" << std::endl;
  std::cout << compute_number(3.0, 4.0) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Evaluate function with complex number" << std::endl;
  std::cout << compute_number(3.0+2i, 4.0-2i) << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

编辑:我已经根据 C++20 概念和函数重载改进了我的代码。我认为可能无法避免在 if 语句中调用 make_real,因为 std::complex 不支持任何比较操作。

#include <iostream>
#include <complex>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std::complex_literals;

double make_real(const std::complex<double>& value)
{
  return std::real(value);
}

double make_real(const double& value)
{
  return value;
}

template <typename T>
struct is_complex_floating_point : public std::false_type {};

template <typename T>
struct is_complex_floating_point<std::complex<T>>
    : public std::bool_constant<std::is_floating_point_v<T>>
{};

template <typename T>
concept real_or_complex_floating_point =
    std::floating_point<T> || 
    is_complex_floating_point<std::remove_const_t<T>>::value;

template<real_or_complex_floating_point number>
number
compute_number(const number& x, const number& y)
{
  if (make_real(x) < 1.0) // is there a way to avoid the make_real call?
    return x;
  else
    return y;
}

int main()
{

  std::cout << "Evaluate function with double" << std::endl;
  std::cout << compute_number(3.0, 4.0) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Evaluate function with complex number" << std::endl;
  std::cout << compute_number(3.0+2i, 4.0-2i) << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

Is there a smarter way than the one below [...] Smarter in the sense (i) I do not want to extract the std::real part of a double value (which could be achieved by distinguishing between the typename in make_real (ii) I though it might be possible to overload the comparison operators to use them also for double vs. std::complex comparison.

哦,是的。

我不认为这是个好主意(我不喜欢在复数和浮点数之间使用 operator<() 的想法),但这是可能的。

您可以添加一个operator<()如下

bool operator< (std::complex<double> const & cd, double d)
 { return cd.real() < d; }

或者,如果您希望它更通用,

template <typename D>
bool operator< (std::complex<D> const & cd, D d)
 { return cd.real() < d; }

template <typename D1, typename D2>
bool operator< (std::complex<D1> const & cd, D2 d)
 { return cd.real() < d; }

以下是您修改的示例。

#include <iostream>
#include <complex>
#include <cmath>

bool operator< (std::complex<double> const & cd, double d)
 { return cd.real() < d; }

using namespace std::complex_literals;

template<typename number=double>
number
compute_number(const number& x, const number& y)
 { return x < 1.0 ? x : y; }

int main()
{
  std::cout << "Evaluate function with double" << std::endl;
  std::cout << compute_number(3.0, 4.0) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Evaluate function with complex number" << std::endl;
  std::cout << compute_number(3.0+2i, 4.0-2i) << std::endl;
}