C++:在派生 class 中重用 operator+()

C++: Reuse operator+() in derived class

有没有一种方法可以重用基础 class 的 operator+(...) 方法,其方式类似于下面示例中使用赋值运算符 operator=(...) 的方法?

重要提示:我不想使用抽象 classes/virtual 方法,我只是对下面的示例感到好奇,因为它可以让我完全理解继承的“基本”用法,而不会过多涉及多态性! operator=() 可以在下面的示例中以这种方式成功使用,是否可以使用 operator+()?

基础class:

class Vector
{
private:
  int _x;
  int _y;
protected:

  // constructors & destructors here

  Vector& operator=(const Vector& source){...}

  Vector operator+(const Vector& source) const{...}

};

派生 class:

class Position : public Vector
{
private:
  double _rho;
  double _phi;
public:

  // constructors & destructor here

  Position& operator=(const Position& source)
  {
    Vector::operator=(source); // slices source to its base-class part
    _rho = source._rho;
    _phi = source._phi;
    return *this;
  }

  Position operator+(const Position& source) const
  {
    /* 
    * HELP NEEDED HERE:
    * Some way of calling Vector::operator+() to avoid
    * code repetition and ensure consistency with the 
    * operator+ definition in the base class
    */
  }
};

谢谢

我最初的评论虽然有点轻率,但仍然适用。话虽如此,我将您的问题重新实现为可以编译以演示解决方案的东西。

首先,您的 class(如图所示)不需要赋值运算符重载。它也不需要复制构造函数、析构函数、移动构造函数或移动赋值运算符。这是因为您没有持有任何动态内容,因此内置浅 copies/assignments 就足够了。

话虽如此,我以一种稍微更惯用的方式重新实现了您的 operator+()。如果你能做到 Derived + Derived,人们希望也能做到 Derived += Derived

因为这些是相互关联的,所以可以用operator+=()来实现operator+()。唯一的技巧是利用按值传递。

代码如下:

#include <iostream>

class Base {
 public:
  Base() = default;
  Base(int x, int y) : m_x(x), m_y(y) {}

  // Assignment operator not required, Rule of 0

  Base& operator+=(const Base& rhs) {
    m_x += rhs.m_x;
    m_y += rhs.m_y;

    return *this;
  }

  friend Base operator+(Base lhs, const Base& rhs) {
    lhs += rhs;

    return lhs;
  }

 // Needed to print a Derived object
 protected:
  int getX() const { return m_x; }
  int getY() const { return m_y; }

 private:
  int m_x = 0;
  int m_y = 0;
};

class Derived : public Base {
 public:
  Derived() = default;
  Derived(double rho, double phi) : Base(), m_rho(rho), m_phi(phi) {}
  Derived(int x, int y, double rho, double phi)
      : Base(x, y), m_rho(rho), m_phi(phi) {}

  Derived& operator+=(const Derived& other) {
    Base::operator+=(other);
    m_rho += other.m_rho;
    m_phi += other.m_phi;

    return *this;
  }

  friend Derived operator+(Derived lhs, const Derived& rhs) {
    lhs += rhs;

    return lhs;
  }

  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& sout, const Derived& rhs) {
    return sout << "x: " << rhs.getX() << "\ny: " << rhs.getY()
                << "\nrho: " << rhs.m_rho << "\nphi: " << rhs.m_phi;
  }

 private:
  double m_rho = 0.0;
  double m_phi = 0.0;
};

int main() {
  Derived d1;
  Derived d2(2, 2, 1.1, 1.1);

  Derived d3 = d1 + d2;
  Derived d4 = d2 + d3;
  std::cout << "\nd4:\n" << d4 << '\n';

  std::cout << "\nd3:\n" << d3 << '\n';

  std::cout << "\nd2:\n" << d2 << '\n';
}

输出:

d4:
x: 4
y: 4
rho: 2.2
phi: 2.2

d3:
x: 2
y: 2
rho: 1.1
phi: 1.1

d2:
x: 2
y: 2
rho: 1.1
phi: 1.1

你可以看到我在做“同样的事情”。在我的 operator+=() 中,我首先调用 Base 版本。然后我照顾 Derived 成员。这是有效的,因为虽然 operator+=() returns 是一个引用,但 operator+() 按值获取其 lhs 参数,这意味着它是一个副本。该副本由 operator+=() 更改并返回。利用按值传递的优势,我可以使用 operator+=() 而无需更改任何一个原始操作数。所以 operator+() 仍然按预期运行。