在 MS Access 中创建外键 VBA

Create foreign key in MS Access VBA

我有 table tbl0 和 table tbl1。 tbl0 有一个由字段 "Ticker" 组成的主键,我是这样创建的:

Sub CreatPrimaryKey()
Dim db As Database
Set db = CurrentDb
db.Execute "CREATE INDEX TickerID ON tbl0 (Ticker) WITH PRIMARY;"
db.Close
End Sub

...效果很好。

我使用这个确认我有主键:

Sub GetPrimaryKeyField()
Call PrimKey("tbl0")
End Sub

Public Sub PrimKey(tblName As String)
'get primary key of tabel
'how to use: Call PrimKey("tbl_DatedModel_2015_0702_0")
'http://bytes.com/topic/access/answers/679509-finding-primary-key-using-vba
'*******************************************
'Purpose: Programatically determine a
' table's primary key
'Coded by: raskew
'Inputs: from Northwind's debug window:
' Call PrimKey("Products")
'Output: "ProductID"
'*******************************************

Dim db As Database
Dim td As TableDef
Dim idxLoop As Index

Set db = CurrentDb
Set td = db.TableDefs(tblName)
For Each idxLoop In td.Indexes
If idxLoop.Primary = True Then
Debug.Print Mid(idxLoop.Fields, 2)
Exit For
End If
Next idxLoop

db.Close
Set db = Nothing
End Sub

立即数 window 打印 "Ticker"。我不确定 "TickerID" 发生了什么,但无论如何。我得到一个PK。然后我尝试通过这样做在 tbl0 和 tbl1 之间创建外键关系:

Sub CreateForeignKey()Dim db As Database
Set db = CurrentDb

db.Execute "ALTER TABLE tbl1 " _
        & "ADD CONSTRAINT fk_tbl1_tbl0 " _
        & "FOREIGN KEY (Ticker) REFERENCES tbl0 (Ticker);"

    db.Close
End Sub

当我 运行 上面的 sub 我得到错误: “索引或关系定义中的无效字段定义 "Ticker"”

更新:让这个问题与众不同的部分原因是我在 AlTER TABLE.[=14= 时需要在两个 table 中拥有相同的字段]

您的初始 SQL 语句在字段 "Ticker." 上创建了一个名为 "TickerID" 的索引,这就是调试语句 returns "Ticker" 而不是 "TickerID."

您的外键 SQL 应该是:

ALTER TABLE tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_tbl1_tbl0 
FOREIGN KEY (Ticker) REFERENCES tbl0 (Ticker);

假设您在 tbl1 中有一个名为 "Ticker" 的字段,它与 tbl0.Ticker.

的类型相同

这里的第二行表示您正在创建的外键字段引用了其他 table 中的相关键字段。像这样阅读:table 中的外键 "Ticker" I am altering (tbl1) references the Primary Key "Ticker" in the related table "tbl0".

我使用这个例程,您可能会发现它有帮助。它确实做了一些假设:1) 主键总是命名为 {table_name} + "Id" 和 2) 外键通常命名为相同的东西。 (这两种都是常见的做法,在我看来是可取的)。

Public Function CreateForeignKey( _
        db As DAO.Database, _
        ByVal sTable As String, _
        ByVal sPrimaryTable As String, _
        Optional ByVal sField As String) As Boolean

    Dim sSQL As String
    Dim sSuffix As String

    On Error GoTo EH

    If sField = "" Then
        sField = sPrimaryTable & "Id"
    Else
        sSuffix = "_" & sField
    End If

    sSQL = "ALTER TABLE [" & sTable & "]" _
        & " ADD CONSTRAINT FK_" & sTable & "_" & sPrimaryTable & sSuffix _
        & " FOREIGN KEY([" & sField & "])" _
        & " REFERENCES [" & sPrimaryTable & "] ([" & sPrimaryTable & "Id]);"

    db.Execute sSQL, dbFailOnError

    CreateForeignKey = True

    Exit Function
EH:

    MsgBox "Error " & Err.Number & vbCrLf _
        & " (" & Err.Source & vbCrLf _
        & " (" & Err.Description _
        & ") in procedure CreateForeignKey of Module Database"

End Function

参考文献:

我认为你的 sql 应该是这样的:

 ALTER TABLE tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_tbl1_tbl0 
FOREIGN KEY (TickerId) REFERENCES tbl0 (Ticker);

parentId为tickerID,child为ticker。

可能很旧,但我发现这种语法有效 你想在PK之前指定FK,虽然我不记得为什么在PK中包含FK是个好习惯。

Sub CreateTableJours()
On Error Resume Next
    Application.CurrentDb.Execute "Drop Table [Jours];"
'---------------'---------------'
On Error GoTo onError
    Dim con As ADODB.Connection
    Set con = CurrentProject.Connection
    con.Execute "" _
    & "CREATE TABLE [Jours](" _
    & " [jcode]             COUNTER" _
    & ",[jdate]             DATETIME" _
    & ",[tid]               INTEGER" _
    & ",[cid]               INTEGER" _
    & ",[jdepense]          MONEY" _
    & ",[jjustificatif]     CHAR" _
    & ",CONSTRAINT [FK_Taches] FOREIGN KEY ([tid]) REFERENCES Personnes" _
    & ",CONSTRAINT [FK_Chantiers] FOREIGN KEY ([cid]) REFERENCES Chantiers" _
    & ",CONSTRAINT [PK_Jours] PRIMARY KEY ([jcode])" _
    & ");"
    Set con = Nothing
Exit Sub
'---------------'---------------'
onFail:
    myErrorLvl = 250
    Set con = Nothing
Exit Sub
'---------------'---------------'
onError:
    MsgBox Err.Description, , "Erreur(" & myErrorLvl & ") in " & "INIT.CreateTableJours" & "#" & Err.Number
    If myErrorLvl < 1 Then Resume onFail
End Sub