需要帮助理解 xv6 中的 Makefile
Need help understanding Makefile in xv6
我一直在阅读xv6 项目的makefile。我想把所有的用户程序放到一个文件夹中，以保持项目的整洁。我找不到它在哪里编译用户程序。我知道当我 运行: make fs.img;它将编译用户程序，但我找不到任何命令来这样做。我还希望所有内核代码都进入一个名为“kernel”的目录。
make 中是否有允许自动编译的功能，或者只是我没有看到的东西。谁能推荐任何 make 文档来帮助我理解这个 makefile。
我的生成文件：
OBJS = \
bio.o\
console.o\
exec.o\
file.o\
fs.o\
ide.o\
ioapic.o\
kalloc.o\
kbd.o\
lapic.o\
log.o\
main.o\
mp.o\
picirq.o\
pipe.o\
proc.o\
sleeplock.o\
spinlock.o\
string.o\
swtch.o\
syscall.o\
sysfile.o\
sysproc.o\
trapasm.o\
trap.o\
uart.o\
vectors.o\
vm.o\
# Cross-compiling (e.g., on Mac OS X)
# TOOLPREFIX = i386-jos-elf
# Using native tools (e.g., on X86 Linux)
#TOOLPREFIX =
# Try to infer the correct TOOLPREFIX if not set
ifndef TOOLPREFIX
TOOLPREFIX := $(shell if i386-jos-elf-objdump -i 2>&1 | grep '^elf32-i386$$' >/dev/null 2>&1; \
then echo 'i386-jos-elf-'; \
elif objdump -i 2>&1 | grep 'elf32-i386' >/dev/null 2>&1; \
then echo ''; \
else echo "***" 1>&2; \
echo "*** Error: Couldn't find an i386-*-elf version of GCC/binutils." 1>&2; \
echo "*** Is the directory with i386-jos-elf-gcc in your PATH?" 1>&2; \
echo "*** If your i386-*-elf toolchain is installed with a command" 1>&2; \
echo "*** prefix other than 'i386-jos-elf-', set your TOOLPREFIX" 1>&2; \
echo "*** environment variable to that prefix and run 'make' again." 1>&2; \
echo "*** To turn off this error, run 'gmake TOOLPREFIX= ...'." 1>&2; \
echo "***" 1>&2; exit 1; fi)
endif
# If the makefile can't find QEMU, specify its path here
# QEMU = qemu-system-i386
# Try to infer the correct QEMU
ifndef QEMU
QEMU = $(shell if which qemu > /dev/null; \
then echo qemu; exit; \
elif which qemu-system-i386 > /dev/null; \
then echo qemu-system-i386; exit; \
elif which qemu-system-x86_64 > /dev/null; \
then echo qemu-system-x86_64; exit; \
else \
qemu=/Applications/Q.app/Contents/MacOS/i386-softmmu.app/Contents/MacOS/i386-softmmu; \
if test -x $$qemu; then echo $$qemu; exit; fi; fi; \
echo "***" 1>&2; \
echo "*** Error: Couldn't find a working QEMU executable." 1>&2; \
echo "*** Is the directory containing the qemu binary in your PATH" 1>&2; \
echo "*** or have you tried setting the QEMU variable in Makefile?" 1>&2; \
echo "***" 1>&2; exit 1)
endif
CC = $(TOOLPREFIX)gcc
AS = $(TOOLPREFIX)gas
LD = $(TOOLPREFIX)ld
OBJCOPY = $(TOOLPREFIX)objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(TOOLPREFIX)objdump
CFLAGS = -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer
CFLAGS += $(shell $(CC) -fno-stack-protector -E -x c /dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo -fno-stack-protector)
ASFLAGS = -m32 -gdwarf-2 -Wa,-divide
# FreeBSD ld wants ``elf_i386_fbsd''
LDFLAGS += -m $(shell $(LD) -V | grep elf_i386 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)
# Disable PIE when possible (for Ubuntu 16.10 toolchain)
ifneq ($(shell $(CC) -dumpspecs 2>/dev/null | grep -e '[^f]no-pie'),)
CFLAGS += -fno-pie -no-pie
endif
ifneq ($(shell $(CC) -dumpspecs 2>/dev/null | grep -e '[^f]nopie'),)
CFLAGS += -fno-pie -nopie
endif
xv6.img: bootblock kernel
dd if=/dev/zero of=xv6.img count=10000
dd if=bootblock of=xv6.img conv=notrunc
dd if=kernel of=xv6.img seek=1 conv=notrunc
#
xv6memfs.img: bootblock kernelmemfs
dd if=/dev/zero of=xv6memfs.img count=10000
dd if=bootblock of=xv6memfs.img conv=notrunc
dd if=kernelmemfs of=xv6memfs.img seek=1 conv=notrunc
#
bootblock: bootasm.S bootmain.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-pic -O -nostdinc -I. -c bootmain.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-pic -nostdinc -I. -c bootasm.S
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e start -Ttext 0x7C00 -o bootblock.o bootasm.o bootmain.o
$(OBJDUMP) -S bootblock.o > bootblock.asm
$(OBJCOPY) -S -O binary -j .text bootblock.o bootblock
./sign.pl bootblock
#
entryother: entryother.S
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-pic -nostdinc -I. -c entryother.S
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e start -Ttext 0x7000 -o bootblockother.o entryother.o
$(OBJCOPY) -S -O binary -j .text bootblockother.o entryother
$(OBJDUMP) -S bootblockother.o > entryother.asm
#
initcode: initcode.S
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -nostdinc -I. -c initcode.S
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e start -Ttext 0 -o initcode.out initcode.o
$(OBJCOPY) -S -O binary initcode.out initcode
$(OBJDUMP) -S initcode.o > initcode.asm
kernel: $(OBJS) entry.o entryother initcode kernel.ld
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -T kernel.ld -o kernel entry.o $(OBJS) -b binary initcode entryother
$(OBJDUMP) -S kernel > kernel.asm
$(OBJDUMP) -t kernel | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$$/d' > kernel.sym
# kernelmemfs is a copy of kernel that maintains the
# disk image in memory instead of writing to a disk.
# This is not so useful for testing persistent storage or
# exploring disk buffering implementations, but it is
# great for testing the kernel on real hardware without
# needing a scratch disk.
#MEMFSOBJS = $(filter-out ide.o,$(OBJS)) memide.o
#kernelmemfs: $(MEMFSOBJS) entry.o entryother initcode kernel.ld fs.img
# $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -T kernel.ld -o kernelmemfs entry.o $(MEMFSOBJS) -b binary initcode entryother fs.img
# $(OBJDUMP) -S kernelmemfs > kernelmemfs.asm
# $(OBJDUMP) -t kernelmemfs | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$$/d' > kernelmemfs.sym
#
#tags: $(OBJS) entryother.S _init
# etags *.S *.c
vectors.S: vectors.pl
./vectors.pl > vectors.S
ULIB = ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
#
_%: %.o $(ULIB)
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o $@ $^
$(OBJDUMP) -S $@ > $*.asm
$(OBJDUMP) -t $@ | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$$/d' > $*.sym
_forktest: forktest.o $(ULIB)
# forktest has less library code linked in - needs to be small
# in order to be able to max out the proc table.
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _forktest forktest.o ulib.o usys.o
$(OBJDUMP) -S _forktest > forktest.asm
mkfs: mkfs.c fs.h
gcc -Werror -Wall -o mkfs mkfs.c
# Prevent deletion of intermediate files, e.g. cat.o, after first build, so
# that disk image changes after first build are persistent until clean. More
# details:
# http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Chained-Rules.html
.PRECIOUS: %.o
UPROGS=\
_cat\
_echo\
_forktest\
_grep\
_init\
_kill\
_ln\
_ls\
_mkdir\
_rm\
_sh\
_stressfs\
_usertests\
_wc\
_zombie\
_login\
_cp\
_head\
_bedit\
_clear\
_tail\
_sleep\
_date\
fs.img: mkfs README $(UPROGS)
./mkfs fs.img README $(UPROGS) simple.txt
-include *.d
clean:
rm -f *.tex *.dvi *.idx *.aux *.log *.ind *.ilg \
*.o *.d *.asm *.sym vectors.S bootblock entryother \
initcode initcode.out kernel xv6.img fs.img kernelmemfs \
xv6memfs.img mkfs .gdbinit \
$(UPROGS)
# make a printout
FILES = $(shell grep -v '^\#' runoff.list)
PRINT = runoff.list runoff.spec README toc.hdr toc.ftr $(FILES)
#xv6.pdf: $(PRINT)
# ./runoff
# ls -l xv6.pdf
#print: xv6.pdf
# run in emulators
#bochs : fs.img xv6.img
# if [ ! -e .bochsrc ]; then ln -s dot-bochsrc .bochsrc; fi
# bochs -q
# try to generate a unique GDB port
GDBPORT = $(shell expr `id -u` % 5000 + 25000)
# QEMU's gdb stub command line changed in 0.11
QEMUGDB = $(shell if $(QEMU) -help | grep -q '^-gdb'; \
then echo "-gdb tcp::$(GDBPORT)"; \
else echo "-s -p $(GDBPORT)"; fi)
ifndef CPUS
CPUS := 2
endif
QEMUOPTS = -drive file=fs.img,index=1,media=disk,format=raw -drive file=xv6.img,index=0,media=disk,format=raw -smp $(CPUS) -m 512 $(QEMUEXTRA)
qemu: fs.img xv6.img
$(QEMU) -serial mon:stdio $(QEMUOPTS)
#qemu-memfs: xv6memfs.img
# $(QEMU) -drive file=xv6memfs.img,index=0,media=disk,format=raw -smp $(CPUS) -m 256
#qemu-nox: fs.img xv6.img
# $(QEMU) -nographic $(QEMUOPTS)
#.gdbinit: .gdbinit.tmpl
# sed "s/localhost:1234/localhost:$(GDBPORT)/" < $^ > $@
#qemu-gdb: fs.img xv6.img .gdbinit
# @echo "*** Now run 'gdb'." 1>&2
# $(QEMU) -serial mon:stdio $(QEMUOPTS) -S $(QEMUGDB)
#qemu-nox-gdb: fs.img xv6.img .gdbinit
# @echo "*** Now run 'gdb'." 1>&2
# $(QEMU) -nographic $(QEMUOPTS) -S $(QEMUGDB)
# CUT HERE
# prepare dist for students
# after running make dist, probably want to
# rename it to rev0 or rev1 or so on and then
# check in that version.
EXTRA=\
mkfs.c ulib.c user.h cat.c echo.c forktest.c grep.c kill.c\
ln.c ls.c mkdir.c rm.c stressfs.c usertests.c wc.c zombie.c\
printf.c umalloc.c\
README dot-bochsrc *.pl toc.* runoff runoff1 runoff.list\
.gdbinit.tmpl gdbutil\
dist:
rm -rf dist
mkdir dist
for i in $(FILES); \
do \
grep -v PAGEBREAK $$i >dist/$$i; \
done
sed '/CUT HERE/,$$d' Makefile >dist/Makefile
echo >dist/runoff.spec
cp $(EXTRA) dist
dist-test:
rm -rf dist
make dist
rm -rf dist-test
mkdir dist-test
cp dist/* dist-test
cd dist-test; $(MAKE) print
cd dist-test; $(MAKE) bochs || true
cd dist-test; $(MAKE) qemu
# update this rule (change rev#) when it is time to
# make a new revision.
#tar:
# rm -rf /tmp/xv6
# mkdir -p /tmp/xv6
# cp dist/* dist/.gdbinit.tmpl /tmp/xv6
# (cd /tmp; tar cf - xv6) | gzip >xv6-rev10.tar.gz # the next one will be 10 (9/17)
#
.PHONY: dist-test dist
编辑：
我想做的是将我所有的 UPROGS 程序放入一个名为 programs 的目录中。我要如何更改 makefile 才能做到这一点。
所有 make 系统（根据 POSIX 的要求）都有许多内置规则，包括知道如何从 C 文件编译目标文件的规则。
有关 GNU make 内置规则的信息，您可以review the manual。
我一直在阅读xv6 项目的makefile。我想把所有的用户程序放到一个文件夹中，以保持项目的整洁。我找不到它在哪里编译用户程序。我知道当我 运行: make fs.img;它将编译用户程序，但我找不到任何命令来这样做。我还希望所有内核代码都进入一个名为“kernel”的目录。
make 中是否有允许自动编译的功能，或者只是我没有看到的东西。谁能推荐任何 make 文档来帮助我理解这个 makefile。
我的生成文件：
OBJS = \
bio.o\
console.o\
exec.o\
file.o\
fs.o\
ide.o\
ioapic.o\
kalloc.o\
kbd.o\
lapic.o\
log.o\
main.o\
mp.o\
picirq.o\
pipe.o\
proc.o\
sleeplock.o\
spinlock.o\
string.o\
swtch.o\
syscall.o\
sysfile.o\
sysproc.o\
trapasm.o\
trap.o\
uart.o\
vectors.o\
vm.o\
# Cross-compiling (e.g., on Mac OS X)
# TOOLPREFIX = i386-jos-elf
# Using native tools (e.g., on X86 Linux)
#TOOLPREFIX =
# Try to infer the correct TOOLPREFIX if not set
ifndef TOOLPREFIX
TOOLPREFIX := $(shell if i386-jos-elf-objdump -i 2>&1 | grep '^elf32-i386$$' >/dev/null 2>&1; \
then echo 'i386-jos-elf-'; \
elif objdump -i 2>&1 | grep 'elf32-i386' >/dev/null 2>&1; \
then echo ''; \
else echo "***" 1>&2; \
echo "*** Error: Couldn't find an i386-*-elf version of GCC/binutils." 1>&2; \
echo "*** Is the directory with i386-jos-elf-gcc in your PATH?" 1>&2; \
echo "*** If your i386-*-elf toolchain is installed with a command" 1>&2; \
echo "*** prefix other than 'i386-jos-elf-', set your TOOLPREFIX" 1>&2; \
echo "*** environment variable to that prefix and run 'make' again." 1>&2; \
echo "*** To turn off this error, run 'gmake TOOLPREFIX= ...'." 1>&2; \
echo "***" 1>&2; exit 1; fi)
endif
# If the makefile can't find QEMU, specify its path here
# QEMU = qemu-system-i386
# Try to infer the correct QEMU
ifndef QEMU
QEMU = $(shell if which qemu > /dev/null; \
then echo qemu; exit; \
elif which qemu-system-i386 > /dev/null; \
then echo qemu-system-i386; exit; \
elif which qemu-system-x86_64 > /dev/null; \
then echo qemu-system-x86_64; exit; \
else \
qemu=/Applications/Q.app/Contents/MacOS/i386-softmmu.app/Contents/MacOS/i386-softmmu; \
if test -x $$qemu; then echo $$qemu; exit; fi; fi; \
echo "***" 1>&2; \
echo "*** Error: Couldn't find a working QEMU executable." 1>&2; \
echo "*** Is the directory containing the qemu binary in your PATH" 1>&2; \
echo "*** or have you tried setting the QEMU variable in Makefile?" 1>&2; \
echo "***" 1>&2; exit 1)
endif
CC = $(TOOLPREFIX)gcc
AS = $(TOOLPREFIX)gas
LD = $(TOOLPREFIX)ld
OBJCOPY = $(TOOLPREFIX)objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(TOOLPREFIX)objdump
CFLAGS = -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer
CFLAGS += $(shell $(CC) -fno-stack-protector -E -x c /dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo -fno-stack-protector)
ASFLAGS = -m32 -gdwarf-2 -Wa,-divide
# FreeBSD ld wants ``elf_i386_fbsd''
LDFLAGS += -m $(shell $(LD) -V | grep elf_i386 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)
# Disable PIE when possible (for Ubuntu 16.10 toolchain)
ifneq ($(shell $(CC) -dumpspecs 2>/dev/null | grep -e '[^f]no-pie'),)
CFLAGS += -fno-pie -no-pie
endif
ifneq ($(shell $(CC) -dumpspecs 2>/dev/null | grep -e '[^f]nopie'),)
CFLAGS += -fno-pie -nopie
endif
xv6.img: bootblock kernel
dd if=/dev/zero of=xv6.img count=10000
dd if=bootblock of=xv6.img conv=notrunc
dd if=kernel of=xv6.img seek=1 conv=notrunc
#
xv6memfs.img: bootblock kernelmemfs
dd if=/dev/zero of=xv6memfs.img count=10000
dd if=bootblock of=xv6memfs.img conv=notrunc
dd if=kernelmemfs of=xv6memfs.img seek=1 conv=notrunc
#
bootblock: bootasm.S bootmain.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-pic -O -nostdinc -I. -c bootmain.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-pic -nostdinc -I. -c bootasm.S
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e start -Ttext 0x7C00 -o bootblock.o bootasm.o bootmain.o
$(OBJDUMP) -S bootblock.o > bootblock.asm
$(OBJCOPY) -S -O binary -j .text bootblock.o bootblock
./sign.pl bootblock
#
entryother: entryother.S
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-pic -nostdinc -I. -c entryother.S
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e start -Ttext 0x7000 -o bootblockother.o entryother.o
$(OBJCOPY) -S -O binary -j .text bootblockother.o entryother
$(OBJDUMP) -S bootblockother.o > entryother.asm
#
initcode: initcode.S
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -nostdinc -I. -c initcode.S
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e start -Ttext 0 -o initcode.out initcode.o
$(OBJCOPY) -S -O binary initcode.out initcode
$(OBJDUMP) -S initcode.o > initcode.asm
kernel: $(OBJS) entry.o entryother initcode kernel.ld
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -T kernel.ld -o kernel entry.o $(OBJS) -b binary initcode entryother
$(OBJDUMP) -S kernel > kernel.asm
$(OBJDUMP) -t kernel | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$$/d' > kernel.sym
# kernelmemfs is a copy of kernel that maintains the
# disk image in memory instead of writing to a disk.
# This is not so useful for testing persistent storage or
# exploring disk buffering implementations, but it is
# great for testing the kernel on real hardware without
# needing a scratch disk.
#MEMFSOBJS = $(filter-out ide.o,$(OBJS)) memide.o
#kernelmemfs: $(MEMFSOBJS) entry.o entryother initcode kernel.ld fs.img
# $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -T kernel.ld -o kernelmemfs entry.o $(MEMFSOBJS) -b binary initcode entryother fs.img
# $(OBJDUMP) -S kernelmemfs > kernelmemfs.asm
# $(OBJDUMP) -t kernelmemfs | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$$/d' > kernelmemfs.sym
#
#tags: $(OBJS) entryother.S _init
# etags *.S *.c
vectors.S: vectors.pl
./vectors.pl > vectors.S
ULIB = ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
#
_%: %.o $(ULIB)
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o $@ $^
$(OBJDUMP) -S $@ > $*.asm
$(OBJDUMP) -t $@ | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$$/d' > $*.sym
_forktest: forktest.o $(ULIB)
# forktest has less library code linked in - needs to be small
# in order to be able to max out the proc table.
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _forktest forktest.o ulib.o usys.o
$(OBJDUMP) -S _forktest > forktest.asm
mkfs: mkfs.c fs.h
gcc -Werror -Wall -o mkfs mkfs.c
# Prevent deletion of intermediate files, e.g. cat.o, after first build, so
# that disk image changes after first build are persistent until clean. More
# details:
# http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Chained-Rules.html
.PRECIOUS: %.o
UPROGS=\
_cat\
_echo\
_forktest\
_grep\
_init\
_kill\
_ln\
_ls\
_mkdir\
_rm\
_sh\
_stressfs\
_usertests\
_wc\
_zombie\
_login\
_cp\
_head\
_bedit\
_clear\
_tail\
_sleep\
_date\
fs.img: mkfs README $(UPROGS)
./mkfs fs.img README $(UPROGS) simple.txt
-include *.d
clean:
rm -f *.tex *.dvi *.idx *.aux *.log *.ind *.ilg \
*.o *.d *.asm *.sym vectors.S bootblock entryother \
initcode initcode.out kernel xv6.img fs.img kernelmemfs \
xv6memfs.img mkfs .gdbinit \
$(UPROGS)
# make a printout
FILES = $(shell grep -v '^\#' runoff.list)
PRINT = runoff.list runoff.spec README toc.hdr toc.ftr $(FILES)
#xv6.pdf: $(PRINT)
# ./runoff
# ls -l xv6.pdf
#print: xv6.pdf
# run in emulators
#bochs : fs.img xv6.img
# if [ ! -e .bochsrc ]; then ln -s dot-bochsrc .bochsrc; fi
# bochs -q
# try to generate a unique GDB port
GDBPORT = $(shell expr `id -u` % 5000 + 25000)
# QEMU's gdb stub command line changed in 0.11
QEMUGDB = $(shell if $(QEMU) -help | grep -q '^-gdb'; \
then echo "-gdb tcp::$(GDBPORT)"; \
else echo "-s -p $(GDBPORT)"; fi)
ifndef CPUS
CPUS := 2
endif
QEMUOPTS = -drive file=fs.img,index=1,media=disk,format=raw -drive file=xv6.img,index=0,media=disk,format=raw -smp $(CPUS) -m 512 $(QEMUEXTRA)
qemu: fs.img xv6.img
$(QEMU) -serial mon:stdio $(QEMUOPTS)
#qemu-memfs: xv6memfs.img
# $(QEMU) -drive file=xv6memfs.img,index=0,media=disk,format=raw -smp $(CPUS) -m 256
#qemu-nox: fs.img xv6.img
# $(QEMU) -nographic $(QEMUOPTS)
#.gdbinit: .gdbinit.tmpl
# sed "s/localhost:1234/localhost:$(GDBPORT)/" < $^ > $@
#qemu-gdb: fs.img xv6.img .gdbinit
# @echo "*** Now run 'gdb'." 1>&2
# $(QEMU) -serial mon:stdio $(QEMUOPTS) -S $(QEMUGDB)
#qemu-nox-gdb: fs.img xv6.img .gdbinit
# @echo "*** Now run 'gdb'." 1>&2
# $(QEMU) -nographic $(QEMUOPTS) -S $(QEMUGDB)
# CUT HERE
# prepare dist for students
# after running make dist, probably want to
# rename it to rev0 or rev1 or so on and then
# check in that version.
EXTRA=\
mkfs.c ulib.c user.h cat.c echo.c forktest.c grep.c kill.c\
ln.c ls.c mkdir.c rm.c stressfs.c usertests.c wc.c zombie.c\
printf.c umalloc.c\
README dot-bochsrc *.pl toc.* runoff runoff1 runoff.list\
.gdbinit.tmpl gdbutil\
dist:
rm -rf dist
mkdir dist
for i in $(FILES); \
do \
grep -v PAGEBREAK $$i >dist/$$i; \
done
sed '/CUT HERE/,$$d' Makefile >dist/Makefile
echo >dist/runoff.spec
cp $(EXTRA) dist
dist-test:
rm -rf dist
make dist
rm -rf dist-test
mkdir dist-test
cp dist/* dist-test
cd dist-test; $(MAKE) print
cd dist-test; $(MAKE) bochs || true
cd dist-test; $(MAKE) qemu
# update this rule (change rev#) when it is time to
# make a new revision.
#tar:
# rm -rf /tmp/xv6
# mkdir -p /tmp/xv6
# cp dist/* dist/.gdbinit.tmpl /tmp/xv6
# (cd /tmp; tar cf - xv6) | gzip >xv6-rev10.tar.gz # the next one will be 10 (9/17)
#
.PHONY: dist-test dist
编辑： 我想做的是将我所有的 UPROGS 程序放入一个名为 programs 的目录中。我要如何更改 makefile 才能做到这一点。
所有 make 系统（根据 POSIX 的要求）都有许多内置规则，包括知道如何从 C 文件编译目标文件的规则。
有关 GNU make 内置规则的信息，您可以review the manual。