如何索引 Matplotlib 子图

How to index a Matplotlib subplot

我正在尝试同时绘制两个饼图。我一直在阅读 Matplotlib 文档 https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/pie_and_polar_charts/pie_demo2.htmland 看不出我做错了什么。我在第 13 行遇到索引错误 (patches = axs[1,1].pie...)

在我开始使用 axs[1,1] 等并尝试使用子图之前,代码一直有效。

代码

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rcParams

print('\n'*10)

# Make figure and axes
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1,2)

# Pie chart, where the slices will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise:
labels = 'Alpha', 'Beta', 'Gamma', 'Phi', 'Theta'
sizes = [3, 6, 2, 3, 10]
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0, 0)  # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
patches = axs[1,1].pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
        shadow=True, startangle=90)[0]
#patches[2].set_hatch('\\')  # Pie slice #0 hatched.
axs[1,1].axis('equal')  # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.

plt.title("My title", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold', size=16, y=1.02)
 



# Pie chart 2
labels = 'Alpha', 'Beta', 'Gamma', 'Phi', 'Theta'
sizes = [3, 6, 2, 3, 10]
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0, 0)  # only "explode" the 2nd slice (i.e. 'Hogs')
patches = axs[1,2].pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
        shadow=True, startangle=90)[0]
patches[2].set_hatch('\\')  # Pie slice #0 hatched.
axs[1,2].axis('equal')  # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.

plt.title("My title", fontsize=14, fontweight='bold', size=16, y=1.02)
 

plt.show()

回溯

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/.../Desktop/WORK/time_1.py", line 13, in <module>
    patches = axs[1,1].pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',
IndexError: too many indices for array: array is 1-dimensional, but 2 were indexed

数组 axs 是一维的,将 axs[1,1]axs[1,2] 更改为 axs[0]axs[1],然后您的代码将起作用。

来自 matplotlib documentation.

# using the variable ax for single a Axes
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

# using the variable axs for multiple Axes
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2)

# using tuple unpacking for multiple Axes
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2)
fig, ((ax1, ax2), (ax3, ax4)) = plt.subplots(2, 2)

所以你的 axs 只是一个形状为 (2,) 的 numpy 数组。

更改索引应该可以解决问题。

更改 axs[1,1] --> axs[0] , axs[1,2]--> axs[1]

问题在于,如果只有一行或只有一列子图,Matplotlib 会将 axs 数组压缩成一维形状。幸运的是,可以通过传递 squeeze 参数来禁用这种不一致的行为:

fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, squeeze=False)

然后您通常可以使用 axs[0,0]axs[0,1] 对其进行索引,就像如果有多行子图一样。

我建议始终传递squeeze=False,这样无论有多少行,行为都是一样的,自动绘图脚本不需要想出 single-row 图的特殊情况(否则如果有人稍后想要生成恰好只有一行的图,则可能会出现神秘错误)。