在函数内部使用 realloc 来增加数组

Using realloc inside a function for increasing an array

我正在尝试在函数内部调用 realloc。我第一次调用该函数似乎有效,但我第二次调用它失败了。

void insert(struct laptop *arr, struct laptop new_laptop, int* plen){
    arr = realloc(arr, (sizeof(struct laptop)*(*plen+1)));
    arr[*plen] = new_laptop;
    (*plen)++;
}

int main(){
    struct laptop* arr = malloc(sizeof(struct laptop));
    int len = 0;
    int *plen = &len;
    insert(arr, make_laptop("Dell", "XPS", "New", 500), plen);
    display(arr[0]);
    insert(arr, make_laptop("Macbook", "Pro", "New", 500), plen);
    display(arr[1]);
    return 0;
}

我的其余代码供参考:

struct laptop{
    char *brand;
    char *model;
    char *condition;
    float price;
};

struct laptop make_laptop(char *brand, char *model, char *condition, float price){
    struct laptop new_laptop;
    new_laptop.price = price;
    new_laptop.brand = malloc(strlen(brand)+1);
    strcpy(new_laptop.brand, brand);
    new_laptop.model = malloc(strlen(brand)+1);
    strcpy(new_laptop.model, model);
    new_laptop.condition = malloc(strlen(condition)+1);
    strcpy(new_laptop.condition, condition);
    return new_laptop;
}

void display(struct laptop laptop){
    printf("%s %s %s %.2f", laptop.brand, laptop.model, laptop.condition, laptop.price);
}

这里到底发生了什么?我有哪些解决此问题的选择?

对于初学者来说,这个内存分配在 main

struct laptop* arr = malloc(sizeof(struct laptop));

是多余的。你应该只写

struct laptop *arr = NULL;

函数接受指针arr的值

void insert(struct laptop *arr, struct laptop new_laptop, int* plen){
    arr = realloc(arr, (sizeof(struct laptop)*(*plen+1)));
    arr[*plen] = new_laptop;
    (*plen)++;
}

即函数处理用作参数的原始指针值的副本。

要么通过引用传递指针定义函数至少像

void insert(struct laptop **arr, struct laptop new_laptop, int* plen){
    *arr = realloc( (arr, (sizeof(struct laptop)*(*plen+1)));
    ( *arr )[*plen] = new_laptop;
    (*plen)++;
}

在这种情况下,函数将被调用为

insert(&arr, make_laptop("Dell", "XPS", "New", 500), plen);

或return来自函数的新指针,如

struct laptop * insert(struct laptop *arr, struct laptop new_laptop, int* plen){
    arr = realloc(arr, (sizeof(struct laptop)*(*plen+1)));
    arr[*plen] = new_laptop;
    (*plen)++;

    return arr;
}

并且该函数将被调用为

arr = insert(arr, make_laptop("Dell", "XPS", "New", 500), plen);

注意在这样的语句中使用同一个指针是不安全的

arr = realloc(arr, (sizeof(struct laptop)*(*plen+1)));

函数一般可以return一个空指针。结果,先前分配的内存地址将丢失。

你应该写例如

struct laptop *tmp = realloc(arr, (sizeof(struct laptop)*(*plen+1)));

if ( tmp != NULL )
{
    arr = tmp;
    //...
}