如何检查 Ubuntu 中的 .tar（不是 tar.gz）文件是否损坏？

Question

当我解压 (ing) .tar 文件时，出现错误：

tar: Unexpected EOF in archive
tar: rmtlseek not stopped at a record boundary
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

两个问题：

文件可能已损坏，但如何检查 .tar 是否已损坏？
当它向我显示文件 ebd_sampling_relFeb-2021.txt.gz 然后继续解压时，这是否意味着 ebd_sampling_relFeb-2021.txt.gz 已完全解压缩但 .tar 中的其他内容出错了？

我试图 google 这个问题 (https://www.google.com/search?channel=fs&client=ubuntu&q=check+if+tar+is+corrupt%3F) 但他们中的大多数人谈论 tar.gz 而不是 .tar。

Answer 1

在询问有关 Linux 的问题时，请尝试说明您遇到错误的发行版。它可能会帮助其他人更好地理解问题，进而更好地帮助您。

OK，现在进入答案。

您可以使用 7zip 轻松测试压缩文件是否损坏。如果尚未安装通过 p7zip 软件包分发的 7zip，请使用以下与您的 Linux 分发相匹配的命令之一进行安装。

Ubuntu: sudo apt install p7zip

Fedora/Cent OS/RHEL: sudo yum install p7zip

Arch/Manjaro: sudo pacman -S p7zip

检查是否安装成功，运行7z。您应该会看到类似这样的输出：

7-Zip [64] 17.03 : Copyright (c) 1999-2020 Igor Pavlov : 2017-08-28
p7zip Version 17.03 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs x64)

Usage: 7z <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<file_names>...]

<Commands>
  a : Add files to archive
  b : Benchmark
  d : Delete files from archive
  e : Extract files from archive (without using directory names)
  h : Calculate hash values for files
  i : Show information about supported formats
  l : List contents of archive
  rn : Rename files in archive
  t : Test integrity of archive
  u : Update files to archive
  x : eXtract files with full paths

<Switches>
  -- : Stop switches parsing
  @listfile : set path to listfile that contains file names
  -ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include archives
  -ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude archives
  -ao{a|s|t|u} : set Overwrite mode
  -an : disable archive_name field
  -bb[0-3] : set output log level
  -bd : disable progress indicator
  -bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} : set output stream for output/error/progress line
  -bt : show execution time statistics
  -i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include filenames
  -m{Parameters} : set compression Method
    -mmt[N] : set number of CPU threads
    -mx[N] : set compression level: -mx1 (fastest) ... -mx9 (ultra)
  -o{Directory} : set Output directory
  -p{Password} : set Password
  -r[-|0] : Recurse subdirectories
  -sa{a|e|s} : set Archive name mode
  -scc{UTF-8|WIN|DOS} : set charset for for console input/output
  -scs{UTF-8|UTF-16LE|UTF-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} : set charset for list files
  -scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] : set hash function for x, e, h commands
  -sdel : delete files after compression
  -seml[.] : send archive by email
  -sfx[{name}] : Create SFX archive
  -si[{name}] : read data from stdin
  -slp : set Large Pages mode
  -slt : show technical information for l (List) command
  -snh : store hard links as links
  -snl : store symbolic links as links
  -sni : store NT security information
  -sns[-] : store NTFS alternate streams
  -so : write data to stdout
  -spd : disable wildcard matching for file names
  -spe : eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command
  -spf : use fully qualified file paths
  -ssc[-] : set sensitive case mode
  -ssw : compress shared files
  -stl : set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file
  -stm{HexMask} : set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number)
  -stx{Type} : exclude archive type
  -t{Type} : Set type of archive
  -u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] : Update options
  -v{Size}[b|k|m|g] : Create volumes
  -w[{path}] : assign Work directory. Empty path means a temporary directory
  -x[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude filenames
  -y : assume Yes on all queries

现在，如您所见，您可以运行以下命令来测试特定存档是否已损坏。 将archive_name替换为您要测试的.tar文件的文件名。

7z t archive_name.tar

就我而言，存档 test.tar 包含 2 个文件并且是健康的。以下是我收到的输出。

7-Zip [64] 17.03 : Copyright (c) 1999-2020 Igor Pavlov : 2017-08-28
p7zip Version 17.03 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs x64)

Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 10240 bytes (10 KiB)

Testing archive: test.tar
--
Path = test.tar
Type = tar
Physical Size = 10240
Headers Size = 2048
Code Page = UTF-8

Everything is Ok

Files: 2
Size:       7980
Compressed: 10240

可以看到输出了“Everything is Ok”，说明存档是健康的

现在我故意让同一个存档损坏。让我们看看 7z t test.tar 现在输出什么。

7-Zip [64] 17.03 : Copyright (c) 1999-2020 Igor Pavlov : 2017-08-28
p7zip Version 17.03 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs x64)

Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 10224 bytes (10 KiB)

Testing archive: test1.tar
ERROR: test1.tar
test1.tar
Open ERROR: Can not open the file as [tar] archive


ERRORS:
Is not archive
    
Can't open as archive: 1
Files: 0
Size:       0
Compressed: 0

您可以看到它输出各种消息，例如“无法将文件打开为 [tar] 存档。”和“不是归档”。如果您的存档已损坏，您可能会收到 相似或相同 消息。

如何检查 Ubuntu 中的 .tar（不是 tar.gz）文件是否损坏？

How can I check if .tar (not tar.gz) file is corrupt or not, in Ubuntu?

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compression

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