tkinter python: 想要关闭初始 window 并打开新的
tkinter python: Want to close initial window and open new one
我目前正在开发密码管理器，初始 window 将要求登录或创建密码。单击登录按钮后，我想关闭初始 window 并打开主密码管理器 window。这是我的代码：-
# ---------------------------- Creating password/ Login ------------------------------- #
def login():
password = my_entry.get()
if saved_pass == password:
# what to write here
pass
else:
# when you type wrong password.
error_label.config(text="Password didn't Match. Try Again.", fg='red')
# error_label.place(x=160, y=330)
def create():
password = my_entry.get()
if len(password) > 8 and ' ' not in password:
error_label.config(text="Your Current Password is Saved.", fg='green')
with open('login_password.json', 'w') as add_pass:
json.dump(password, add_pass)
else:
my_entry.delete(0, END)
error_label.config(text="Password is Too Short or Not Valid.", fg='red')
# ----------------------------Initial UI SETUP ------------------------------- #
initial_window = Tk()
initial_window.title('new page')
initial_window.geometry("460x430")
initial_window.config(padx=20, pady=20, bg=INITIAL_BG)
img = PhotoImage(file='new.png')
canvas = Canvas(width=360, height=250, highlightthickness=0, bg=INITIAL_BG)
canvas.create_image(210, 135, image=img)
canvas.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky='ew')
my_label = Label(text='Create Password:', bg=INITIAL_BG)
my_label.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky='ew')
my_entry = Entry()
my_entry.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky='ew')
my_entry.focus()
error_label = Label(text=" * Password should have at least 8 characters", fg='black', bg=INITIAL_BG)
error_label.place(x=160, y=330)
save_button = Button(text='Save', width=20)
save_button.place(x=185, y=290)
try:
with open('login_password.json') as data:
saved_pass = json.load(data)
save_button.config(text='Login')
my_label.config(text='Enter Password')
save_button.config(command=login)
error_label.config(text='')
except (json.decoder.JSONDecodeError, FileNotFoundError):
SAVED = False
save_button.config(command=create)
# ----------------------------After UI SETUP ------------------------------- #
window = Tk()
window.title('Password Manager')
window.config(padx=50, pady=50, bg=AFTER_BG)
window.mainloop()
尝试initial_window.destroy()。这将关闭 window 并结束其所有进程。然后设置一个新的变量window = Tk()会打开一个新的window
这是一种方法：
from tkinter import Tk, Toplevel, Button
class MainWindow(Tk):
def __init__(self):
Tk.__init__(self)
self.title('Main Window')
self.geometry('500x300')
class LoginWindow(Toplevel):
def __init__(self, parent):
Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)
self.parent = parent
self.title('LoginWindow')
self.geometry('500x300')
self.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', root.quit)
Button(self, text='Login', command=self.login).pack()
def login(self):
self.destroy()
self.parent.deiconify()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = MainWindow()
root.withdraw()
login = LoginWindow(root)
root.mainloop()
MainWindow 是主窗口window 所以它继承自Tk 并在启动时被撤回，也可以反过来使MainWindow 继承自Toplevel 然后进行登录window 从 Tk 继承，但 Toplevel 通常是父级为 Tk 的那个，所以那样做是没有意义的。否则该选项也有效。然而，一个小缺点是，当从登录窗口移动到主窗口时，任务栏中的图标会稍微移动，因此为了避免这种情况，您也可以只使用框架并在它们之间切换。
此外（我忘记了）在这种情况下，必须在 LoginWindow 中设置一个协议，告诉如果 window 关闭会发生什么。 self.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', root.quit)因为否则MainWindow仍然会在后台保留运行（如果按下右上角的X），也可以使用self.parent.destroy
这是相同的解决方案，但使用函数：
from tkinter import Tk, Toplevel, Button
def login_window(parent):
def login():
tp.destroy()
parent.deiconify()
tp = Toplevel()
tp.title('Login Window')
tp.geometry('500x300')
tp.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', parent.quit)
Button(tp, text='Login', command=login).pack()
def main_window():
root = Tk()
root.title('Main Window')
root.geometry('500x300')
root.withdraw()
login_window(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main_window()
解决方案：- 要终止当前 Window，请使用 window_name.destroy()，然后调用一个函数并将第二个 window 的元素初始化到其中。感谢@Matiiss @Scrapper142 的指导。您可以使用按钮调用函数并使用 lambda 在其中提供一些参数。
EX- button = Button(text='click', command= lambda: function_name(arguments))
----------------------------UI SETUP 之后 ---------- ----------------------
def password_manager():
window = Tk()
window.title('Password Manager')
window.config(padx=50, pady=50, bg=AFTER_BG)
# image
logo_img = PhotoImage(file='logo.png')
canvas = Canvas(width=200, height=200, highlightthickness=0, bg=AFTER_BG)
canvas.create_image(100, 100, image=logo_img)
canvas.grid(row=0, column=1)
# website data
website_text = Label(text='Website:', bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
website_text.grid(row=1, column=0)
website_data = Entry(width=32, bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white', highlightcolor='red')
website_data.focus()
website_data.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky='w')
# email data
email_text = Label(text='Email/Username:', bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
email_text.grid(row=2, column=0)
email_data = Entry(width=51, bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
email_data.insert(END, 'lalitwizz21@gmail.com')
email_data.grid(row=2, column=1, columnspan=2, sticky='e')
# password data
password_text = Label(text='Password:', bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
password_text.grid(row=3, column=0)
password_data = Entry(width=32, bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
password_data.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky='w')
# button to Generate Password
password_generator_button = Button(text='Generate Password', width=14, command=lambda: password_generator(password_data))
password_generator_button.grid(row=3, column=2, sticky='e')
# button to add records
add_button = Button(text='Add', width=43, command=lambda: save_password(website_data, email_data, password_data), highlightthickness=0)
add_button.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=2)
search_button = Button(text='Search', width=14, command=lambda: search_record(website_data), highlightthickness=0)
search_button.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky='e')
window.mainloop()
---------------------------- 创建密码/登录------------ ------------------
定义登录（）：
password = my_entry.get()
if saved_pass == password:
initial_window.destroy()
password_manager()
else:
# when you type wrong password.
error_label.config(text="Password didn't Match. Try Again.", fg='red')
# error_label.place(x=160, y=330)
def 创建():
password = my_entry.get()
if len(password) > 8 and ' ' not in password:
error_label.config(text="Your Current Password is Saved.", fg='green')
with open('login_password.json', 'w') as add_pass:
json.dump(password, add_pass)
else:
my_entry.delete(0, END)
error_label.config(text="Password is Too Short or Not Valid.", fg='red')
-------------------------初始 UI 设置 ---------- ----------------------
initial_window = Tk()
initial_window.title('new page')
initial_window.geometry("460x430")
initial_window.config(padx=20, pady=20, bg=INITIAL_BG)
img = PhotoImage(文件='new.png')
canvas = Canvas(width=360, height=250, highlightthickness=0, bg=INITIAL_BG)
canvas.create_image(210, 135, 图片=img)
canvas.grid（行=1，列=0，列跨度=2，粘性='ew'）
my_label = 标签(text='Create Password:', bg=INITIAL_BG)
my_label.grid（行=2，列=0，粘性='ew'）
my_entry = 条目()
my_entry.grid（行=2，列=1，粘性='ew'）
my_entry.focus()
error_label = Label(text=" * 密码至少要有8个字符", fg='black', bg=INITIAL_BG)
error_label.place(x=160, y=330)
save_button = 按钮(文本='Save', 宽度=20)
save_button.place(x=185, y=290)
尝试：
with open('login_password.json') as data:
saved_pass = json.load(data)
save_button.config(text='Login')
my_label.config(text='Enter Password')
save_button.config(command=login)
error_label.config(text='')
除了（json.decoder.JSONDecodeError，FileNotFoundError）：
SAVED = False
save_button.config(command=create)
initial_window.mainloop()
与其删除原来的window，不如重新使用它。
创建一个函数或class创建登录window，另一个创建主程序。调用创建登录名的函数 window。当用户登录时，销毁所有用于登录的小部件 window 并为主程序创建小部件。
如果登录 window 小部件都存在于一个框架内，这将是最简单的。然后您可以销毁框架，所有其他小部件将自动销毁。或者，您可以简单地遍历主要 window 中的所有子项以销毁它们：
for child in window.winfo_children():
child.destroy()
完成后，window 现在是空的，您可以使用所有主要应用程序小部件重新创建它。
我目前正在开发密码管理器，初始 window 将要求登录或创建密码。单击登录按钮后，我想关闭初始 window 并打开主密码管理器 window。这是我的代码：-
# ---------------------------- Creating password/ Login ------------------------------- #
def login():
password = my_entry.get()
if saved_pass == password:
# what to write here
pass
else:
# when you type wrong password.
error_label.config(text="Password didn't Match. Try Again.", fg='red')
# error_label.place(x=160, y=330)
def create():
password = my_entry.get()
if len(password) > 8 and ' ' not in password:
error_label.config(text="Your Current Password is Saved.", fg='green')
with open('login_password.json', 'w') as add_pass:
json.dump(password, add_pass)
else:
my_entry.delete(0, END)
error_label.config(text="Password is Too Short or Not Valid.", fg='red')
# ----------------------------Initial UI SETUP ------------------------------- #
initial_window = Tk()
initial_window.title('new page')
initial_window.geometry("460x430")
initial_window.config(padx=20, pady=20, bg=INITIAL_BG)
img = PhotoImage(file='new.png')
canvas = Canvas(width=360, height=250, highlightthickness=0, bg=INITIAL_BG)
canvas.create_image(210, 135, image=img)
canvas.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky='ew')
my_label = Label(text='Create Password:', bg=INITIAL_BG)
my_label.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky='ew')
my_entry = Entry()
my_entry.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky='ew')
my_entry.focus()
error_label = Label(text=" * Password should have at least 8 characters", fg='black', bg=INITIAL_BG)
error_label.place(x=160, y=330)
save_button = Button(text='Save', width=20)
save_button.place(x=185, y=290)
try:
with open('login_password.json') as data:
saved_pass = json.load(data)
save_button.config(text='Login')
my_label.config(text='Enter Password')
save_button.config(command=login)
error_label.config(text='')
except (json.decoder.JSONDecodeError, FileNotFoundError):
SAVED = False
save_button.config(command=create)
# ----------------------------After UI SETUP ------------------------------- #
window = Tk()
window.title('Password Manager')
window.config(padx=50, pady=50, bg=AFTER_BG)
window.mainloop()
尝试initial_window.destroy()。这将关闭 window 并结束其所有进程。然后设置一个新的变量window = Tk()会打开一个新的window
这是一种方法：
from tkinter import Tk, Toplevel, Button
class MainWindow(Tk):
def __init__(self):
Tk.__init__(self)
self.title('Main Window')
self.geometry('500x300')
class LoginWindow(Toplevel):
def __init__(self, parent):
Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)
self.parent = parent
self.title('LoginWindow')
self.geometry('500x300')
self.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', root.quit)
Button(self, text='Login', command=self.login).pack()
def login(self):
self.destroy()
self.parent.deiconify()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = MainWindow()
root.withdraw()
login = LoginWindow(root)
root.mainloop()
MainWindow 是主窗口window 所以它继承自Tk 并在启动时被撤回，也可以反过来使MainWindow 继承自Toplevel 然后进行登录window 从 Tk 继承，但 Toplevel 通常是父级为 Tk 的那个，所以那样做是没有意义的。否则该选项也有效。然而，一个小缺点是，当从登录窗口移动到主窗口时，任务栏中的图标会稍微移动，因此为了避免这种情况，您也可以只使用框架并在它们之间切换。
此外（我忘记了）在这种情况下，必须在 LoginWindow 中设置一个协议，告诉如果 window 关闭会发生什么。 self.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', root.quit)因为否则MainWindow仍然会在后台保留运行（如果按下右上角的X），也可以使用self.parent.destroy
这是相同的解决方案，但使用函数：
from tkinter import Tk, Toplevel, Button
def login_window(parent):
def login():
tp.destroy()
parent.deiconify()
tp = Toplevel()
tp.title('Login Window')
tp.geometry('500x300')
tp.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', parent.quit)
Button(tp, text='Login', command=login).pack()
def main_window():
root = Tk()
root.title('Main Window')
root.geometry('500x300')
root.withdraw()
login_window(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main_window()
解决方案：- 要终止当前 Window，请使用 window_name.destroy()，然后调用一个函数并将第二个 window 的元素初始化到其中。感谢@Matiiss @Scrapper142 的指导。您可以使用按钮调用函数并使用 lambda 在其中提供一些参数。
EX- button = Button(text='click', command= lambda: function_name(arguments))
----------------------------UI SETUP 之后 ---------- ----------------------
def password_manager():
window = Tk()
window.title('Password Manager')
window.config(padx=50, pady=50, bg=AFTER_BG)
# image
logo_img = PhotoImage(file='logo.png')
canvas = Canvas(width=200, height=200, highlightthickness=0, bg=AFTER_BG)
canvas.create_image(100, 100, image=logo_img)
canvas.grid(row=0, column=1)
# website data
website_text = Label(text='Website:', bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
website_text.grid(row=1, column=0)
website_data = Entry(width=32, bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white', highlightcolor='red')
website_data.focus()
website_data.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky='w')
# email data
email_text = Label(text='Email/Username:', bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
email_text.grid(row=2, column=0)
email_data = Entry(width=51, bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
email_data.insert(END, 'lalitwizz21@gmail.com')
email_data.grid(row=2, column=1, columnspan=2, sticky='e')
# password data
password_text = Label(text='Password:', bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
password_text.grid(row=3, column=0)
password_data = Entry(width=32, bg=AFTER_BG, fg='white')
password_data.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky='w')
# button to Generate Password
password_generator_button = Button(text='Generate Password', width=14, command=lambda: password_generator(password_data))
password_generator_button.grid(row=3, column=2, sticky='e')
# button to add records
add_button = Button(text='Add', width=43, command=lambda: save_password(website_data, email_data, password_data), highlightthickness=0)
add_button.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=2)
search_button = Button(text='Search', width=14, command=lambda: search_record(website_data), highlightthickness=0)
search_button.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky='e')
window.mainloop()
---------------------------- 创建密码/登录------------ ------------------
定义登录（）：
password = my_entry.get()
if saved_pass == password:
initial_window.destroy()
password_manager()
else:
# when you type wrong password.
error_label.config(text="Password didn't Match. Try Again.", fg='red')
# error_label.place(x=160, y=330)
def 创建():
password = my_entry.get()
if len(password) > 8 and ' ' not in password:
error_label.config(text="Your Current Password is Saved.", fg='green')
with open('login_password.json', 'w') as add_pass:
json.dump(password, add_pass)
else:
my_entry.delete(0, END)
error_label.config(text="Password is Too Short or Not Valid.", fg='red')
-------------------------初始 UI 设置 ---------- ----------------------
initial_window = Tk()
initial_window.title('new page')
initial_window.geometry("460x430")
initial_window.config(padx=20, pady=20, bg=INITIAL_BG)
img = PhotoImage(文件='new.png')
canvas = Canvas(width=360, height=250, highlightthickness=0, bg=INITIAL_BG)
canvas.create_image(210, 135, 图片=img)
canvas.grid（行=1，列=0，列跨度=2，粘性='ew'）
my_label = 标签(text='Create Password:', bg=INITIAL_BG)
my_label.grid（行=2，列=0，粘性='ew'）
my_entry = 条目()
my_entry.grid（行=2，列=1，粘性='ew'）
my_entry.focus()
error_label = Label(text=" * 密码至少要有8个字符", fg='black', bg=INITIAL_BG)
error_label.place(x=160, y=330)
save_button = 按钮(文本='Save', 宽度=20)
save_button.place(x=185, y=290)
尝试：
with open('login_password.json') as data:
saved_pass = json.load(data)
save_button.config(text='Login')
my_label.config(text='Enter Password')
save_button.config(command=login)
error_label.config(text='')
除了（json.decoder.JSONDecodeError，FileNotFoundError）：
SAVED = False
save_button.config(command=create)
initial_window.mainloop()
与其删除原来的window，不如重新使用它。
创建一个函数或class创建登录window，另一个创建主程序。调用创建登录名的函数 window。当用户登录时，销毁所有用于登录的小部件 window 并为主程序创建小部件。
如果登录 window 小部件都存在于一个框架内，这将是最简单的。然后您可以销毁框架，所有其他小部件将自动销毁。或者，您可以简单地遍历主要 window 中的所有子项以销毁它们：
for child in window.winfo_children():
child.destroy()
完成后，window 现在是空的，您可以使用所有主要应用程序小部件重新创建它。