如何通过 Django 正确地服务于我的 React 生产构建。当前配置存在 MIME 类型问题

How to correctly serve my React production build through Django. Currently having MIME type issues with current configuration

我正在尝试将我的 react/django 网络应用程序部署到 linux-VM Droplet。我没有为 JS 内容使用 webpack。相反,我通过 CDN 子域、数字海洋 s3 存储桶提供 npm run build 静态文件。

我能够 python manage.py collectstatic 然后将我的 React 生产构建文件夹推送到 CDN。

当我访问我的生产网站时,它目前只是加载了一个空白页面并出现以下控制台错误:

Refused to apply style from 'https://www.my_website_URL.com/static/css/main.ce8d6426.chunk.css' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not a supported stylesheet MIME type, and strict MIME checking is enabled.

Refused to execute script from 'https://www.my_website_URL.com/static/js/2.ca12ac54.chunk.js' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not executable, and strict MIME type checking is enabled.

Refused to execute script from 'https://www.my_website_URL.com/static/js/main.220624ac.chunk.js' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not executable, and strict MIME type checking is enabled.

没有任何网络错误可以为此事提供任何有用的信息。

问题必须是服务器端 (django)...我认为。


项目设置:

React 生产构建在我的核心 django 文件夹中。

下面是我如何通过 django link 我的 React:

core urls.py

def render_react(request):
    return render(request, "index.html") 
    #index.html being created by react, not django templates 
    
urlpatterns = [
   re_path(r"^$", render_react),
   re_path(r"^(?:.*)/?$", render_react),
   ...
]

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <link rel="icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
    <meta
      name="description"
      content="Web site created using create-react-app"
    />
    {% comment %} <link rel="manifest" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/manifest.json" /> {% endcomment %}
    <link
      rel="stylesheet"
      href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/chartist.js/latest/chartist.min.css"
    />
    <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/chartist.js/latest/chartist.min.js"></script>

    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/logo192.png" />
    <!--
      manifest.json provides metadata used when your web app is installed on a
      user's mobile device or desktop. See https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/web-app-manifest/
    -->
    

    <!--
      Notice the use of %PUBLIC_URL% in the tags above.
      It will be replaced with the URL of the `public` folder during the build.
      Only files inside the `public` folder can be referenced from the HTML.

      Unlike "/favicon.ico" or "favicon.ico", "%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico" will
      work correctly both with client-side routing and a non-root public URL.
      Learn how to configure a non-root public URL by running `npm run build`.
    -->
    <title>React App</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript>
    <div id="root"></div>
    <!--
      This HTML file is a template.
      If you open it directly in the browser, you will see an empty page.

      You can add webfonts, meta tags, or analytics to this file.
      The build step will place the bundled scripts into the <body> tag.

      To begin the development, run `npm start` or `yarn start`.
      To create a production bundle, use `npm run build` or `yarn build`.
    -->
  </body>
</html>

settings.py

import os


from pathlib import Path
from decouple import config
import dj_database_url

from datetime import timedelta

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
# BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = config('DJANGO_SECRET_KEY')

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['URL's']

SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True


INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'rest_framework',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',


    # Third Party Apps #
    'django_filters',
    'corsheaders',
    'django_extensions',
    'drf_yasg',
    'storages',


    # Apps
    'users',
    'bucket',
    'bucket_api',
    
    #oauth
    'oauth2_provider',
    'social_django',
    'drf_social_oauth2',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'oauth2_provider.middleware.OAuth2TokenMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'core.urls'


TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS' : [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'build')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                'social_django.context_processors.backends',
                'social_django.context_processors.login_redirect',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'core.wsgi.application'

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
        'NAME': config('DJANGO_DB_NAME'),
        'USER' : config('DJANGO_DB_ADMIN'),
        'PASSWORD' : config('DJANGO_ADMIN_PASS'),
        'HOST' : config('DJANGO_DB_HOST'),
        'PORT' : config('DJANGO_DB_PORT'),
        'OPTIONS': {'sslmode':'disable'},
    }
}


db_from_env = dj_database_url.config(conn_max_age=600)
DATABASES['default'].update(db_from_env)


AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'America/New_York'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = config('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = config('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = config('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')
AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL = config('AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL')
AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN = config('AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN')
AWS_S3_OBJECT_PARAMETERS = {
    'CacheControl': 'max-age=86400',
}
AWS_LOCATION = config('AWS_LOCATION')
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = 'public-read'


STATIC_URL = '{}/{}/'.format(AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL, AWS_LOCATION)
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'


STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/templates'),
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'build/static')
]

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

如何修复我的 Django 以便从我的 CDN 正确提供生产静态块 css 和 js 文件?如果 chrome 控制台能够在错误中找到文件,则 CDN 的路径和位置必须正确。

如果您需要我这边的更多信息,请告诉我。目前卡住了,没有简单的解决方案来修复我的 MIME 类型错误并解决我的网站仅加载空白页面的问题。

感谢您的任何 help/tips/or 指导!

如果有人想知道,我正在使用 Gunicorn 和 Nginx。

编辑: 添加了赏金以提请注意此问题。我没有使用 Django webpack loader 和 babel。我宁愿不依赖其他容易破坏的库。

编辑#2: 我已经添加了我的 NGINX 配置文件,我应该将流量重定向到我的 CDN 路径吗?

server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server;
    server_name _;
    return 301 https://my_website_URL.io$request_uri;
}
server {
    listen [::]:443 ssl ipv6only=on;
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name my_website_URL.com www.my_website_URL.com;

   #  Let's Encrypt parameters
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/my_website_URL.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/my_website_URL.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
    include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
    ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }




    location / {
        proxy_pass         http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
        proxy_redirect     off;

        proxy_set_header   Host              $http_host;
        proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP         $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto https;
        }

编辑编辑编辑: 我已经添加了我的 gunicorn 文件,因为我得到了一个 502 错误的网关,并且我的 gunicorn 服务给我这个错误:

● gunicorn.socket - gunicorn socket
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.socket; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: failed (Result: service-start-limit-hit) since Wed 2021-04-28 23:44:16 UTC; 1min 2s ago
   Triggers: ● gunicorn.service
     Listen: /run/gunicorn.sock (Stream)

这是我的 gunicorn 配置:

[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target

[Service]
User=alpha
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/home/user/srv/project/backend
ExecStart=/home/user/srv/project/backend/venv/bin/gunicorn \
          --access-logfile - \
          --workers 3 \
          --timeout 300 \
          --bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \
          core.wsgi:application

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

在生产环境中,您的静态文件不通过 Django 提供,而应直接通过网络服务器提供。

所以你应该配置你的网络服务器(我保证 Nginx)来服务内容 直接静态目录(又名 static/css/main.ce8d6426.chunk.css)。

为什么您的应用程序不在您的 CDN 上寻找您的静态文件

静态文件 URL 由 React 而非 Django 生成。所以即使STATIC_URL is set correctly, the URLs to the static files aren't being templated in Django e.g. using {% static '' %}.

根据您的 TEMPLATES 设置,Django 正在为来自 npm run build(而不是问题中的 index.html)的 index.html 的构建版本提供服务。 /static URL 到 CSS 和 JavaScript 文件(也是由 React 构建)在 index.html 中是由 React 而不是 Django 生成的。

要让 React 生成具有正确前缀的 URLs,您可以在 运行ning npm run build 之前设置 PUBLIC_URL 环境变量。目前它将使用默认设置(即主机的根 /)。

如果您在主机上提供静态文件或使用 {% static '' %},您收到的错误将是一个问题。供参考:

为什么您收到 MIME 类型错误 (urls.py)

你的一个 URL 太贪心了:

re_path(r"^(?:.*)/?$", render_react),

这将匹配:

static/css/main.ce8d6426.chunk.css

这样 URL 将解析到您的 render_react 视图并尝试提供您的 index.html 文件,因此它认为 MIME 类型是 text/html 的原因:

Refused to apply style from 'https://www.my_website_URL.com/static/css/main.ce8d6426.chunk.css' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not a supported stylesheet MIME type, and strict MIME checking is enabled.

如果您想匹配除以 static 开头的所有 URI,您可以在正则表达式中使用否定先行:

re_path(r"^(?!static)(?:.*)/?$", render_react),

为什么 Django 找不到您的静态文件 (settings.py)

在您的 settings.py 中,您正在覆盖 STATIC_URL 将 Django 定向到静态文件 CDN 的设置:

STATIC_URL = '{}/{}/'.format(AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL, AWS_LOCATION)
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'


STATIC_URL = '/static/'   # <------- REMOVE

此外,STATIC_URL 需要在前面加上 https:// 并使用 AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN(不是 AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL):

STATIC_URL = f'https://{AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL}/{AWS_LOCATION}/'

为什么您收到 502 Bad Gateway 错误

您的 NGINX 和 Gunicorn 配置没有问题。您的 Django 应用程序可能无法正确启动,例如,由于配置错误:

查看日志:

journalctl -u gunicorn.service

它也可以用于 运行 简单的冒烟测试(是否打开?):

./manage.py runserver