cygwin make error: Specified module could not be found
cygwin make error: Specified module could not be found
在使用第三方库时，我主要习惯于 dll 和 lib 扩展，我过去常常在我的 Windows 环境中使用 Visual Studio 轻松合并这些库。
但是这次，我尝试使用 PicklingTools，它有一个 MakeFile.Linux 文件，我一直在尝试使用来自 cygwin 的 make 构建它。
make 的版本是 4.3 而 g++ 的版本是 9.2.0。
这是完整的 MakeFile.Linux 源代码：
CC = g++
# CC = icc # Intel seems to work
## With g++ --version==4.4.x, you may need -fno-strict-aliasing to get rid
## of some annoying warnings when you compile with -O2 or above
# *****CAREFUL! g++ 4.5.1 20100924 DOES NOT WORK with Ptools and -O. You must
# compile without optimization for that compiler to work
OC = ./opencontainers_1_8_5
OCINC = $(OC)/include
CFLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -fpic -O -fno-strict-aliasing -DLINUX_ -DOC_NEW_STYLE_INCLUDES -Wno-deprecated -I$(OCINC) -pthread -D_REENTRANT
## How to build with OCString
##CFLAGS = -Wall -O4 -DLINUX_ -DOC_USE_OC_STRING -DOC_USE_OC_EXCEPTIONS -DOC_ONLY_NEEDED_STL -DOC_NEW_STYLE_INCLUDES -Wno-deprecated -I$(OCINC)
###### CFLAGS = -Wall -O4 -DLINUX_-DOC_NEW_STYLE_INCLUDES -Wno-deprecated -I$(OCINC)
CCFLAGS = -pthread $(CFLAGS)
COM_OBJS = m2pythontools.o valpython.o midassocket.o valprotocol2.o m2ser.o m2streamdataenc.o m2convertrep.o timeconv.o fdtools.o
OBJS = midastalker_ex.o midastalker_ex2.o httpclient_ex.o httpserver_ex.o $(COM_OBJS) load.o save.o sharedmemory.o
all: midasyeller_ex midastalker_ex midastalker_ex2 httpclient_ex midasserver_ex permutation_server permutation_client load save opal2dict dict2opal opaltest midasyeller_ex midaslistener_ex p2_test valgetopt_ex sharedmem_test ready_test xmlload_test xmlload_ex xmldump_test xmldump_ex speed_test pickleloader_test chooseser_test xml2dict dict2xml serverside_ex clientside_ex middleside_ex
.cc.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
libptools.so : $(COM_OBJS)
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) -shared -o libptools.so
midasserver_ex : $(COM_OBJS) midasserver_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midasserver_ex.o -pthread -o midasserver_ex
httpclient_ex : $(COM_OBJS) httpclient_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) httpclient_ex.o -pthread -o httpclient_ex
httpserver_ex : $(COM_OBJS) httpserver_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) httpserver_ex.o -pthread -o httpserver_ex
midasyeller_ex : $(COM_OBJS) midasyeller_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midasyeller_ex.o -pthread -o midasyeller_ex
midaslistener_ex : $(COM_OBJS) midaslistener_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midaslistener_ex.o -pthread -o midaslistener_ex
permutation_server : $(COM_OBJS) permutation_server.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) permutation_server.o -pthread -o permutation_server
permutation_client : $(COM_OBJS) permutation_client.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) permutation_client.o -pthread -o permutation_client
midastalker_ex :$(COM_OBJS) midastalker_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midastalker_ex.o -o midastalker_ex
midastalker_ex2 :$(COM_OBJS) midastalker_ex2.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midastalker_ex2.o -o midastalker_ex2
load : $(COM_OBJS) load.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) load.o -o load
serverside_ex : $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o shmboot.o serverside_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o shmboot.o -lrt serverside_ex.o -o serverside_ex
middleside_ex : $(COM_OBJS) middleside_ex.o sharedmem.o shmboot.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o shmboot.o -l rt middleside_ex.o -o middleside_ex
clientside_ex : $(COM_OBJS) clientside_ex.o sharedmem.o shmboot.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o shmboot.o -lrt clientside_ex.o -o clientside_ex
samplehttpserver_ex : $(COM_OBJS) samplehttpserver_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) samplehttpserver_ex.o -o samplehttpserver_ex
save : $(COM_OBJS) save.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) save.o -o save
opal2dict : $(COM_OBJS) opal2dict.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) opal2dict.o -o opal2dict
opaltest : $(COM_OBJS) opaltest.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) opaltest.o -o opaltest
ready_test : $(COM_OBJS) ready_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) ready_test.o -o ready_test
chooseser_test : $(COM_OBJS) chooseser_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) chooseser_test.o -o chooseser_test
dict2opal : $(COM_OBJS) dict2opal.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) dict2opal.o -o dict2opal
pickleloader_test : $(COM_OBJS) pickleloader_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) pickleloader_test.o -o pickleloader_test -lrt
xmldump_test : $(COM_OBJS) xmldump_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xmldump_test.o -o xmldump_test -lrt
xmldump_ex : $(COM_OBJS) xmldump_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xmldump_ex.o -o xmldump_ex -lrt
xmlload_test : $(COM_OBJS) xmlload_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xmlload_test.o -o xmlload_test -lrt
xmlload_ex : $(COM_OBJS) xmlload_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xmlload_ex.o -o xmlload_ex -lrt
xml2dict : $(COM_OBJS) xml2dict.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xml2dict.o -o xml2dict -lrt
dict2xml : $(COM_OBJS) dict2xml.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) dict2xml.o -o dict2xml -lrt
speed_test : $(COM_OBJS) speed_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) speed_test.o -o speed_test -lrt
p2_test : $(COM_OBJS) p2_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) p2_test.o -o p2_test -lrt
valgetopt_ex : $(COM_OBJS) valgetopt_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) valgetopt_ex.o -o valgetopt_ex
json_ex : $(COM_OBJS) json_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) json_ex.o -o json_ex
# Only the tests that REALLY uses UNIX shared memory need the -lrt
sharedmem_test : $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem_test.o sharedmem.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o -lrt sharedmem_test.o -o sharedmem_test
# Only the tests that REALLY uses UNIX shared memory need the -lrt
checkshm_test : $(COM_OBJS) checkshm_test.o sharedmem.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o -lrt checkshm_test.o -o checkshm_test
clean :
/bin/rm -rf *.o *.so *~ midastalker_ex midastalker_ex2 httpserver_ex httpclient_ex midasserver_ex midasyeller_ex midaslistener_ex permutation_server permutation_client load save cxx_repository opal2dict opaltest dict2opal p2_test valgetopt_ex json_ex sharedmem_test ready_test speed_test pickleloader_test chooseser_test xmldump_test xmldump_ex xmlload_test xmlload_ex xml2dict dict2xml samplehttpserver_ex serverside_ex clientside_ex middleside_ex checkshm_test
在使用 make -f MakeFile.Linux all 构建它（移动到该目录之后）时，我收到以下错误：
Makefile.Linux:61: The specified module could not be found.
Makefile.Linux:61: *** :: failed to load. Stop.
第 60-63 行是：
load : $(COM_OBJS) load.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) load.o -o load
以下是可用于 C++ 目录的文件：
BUILDING 文本文件提到它使用了一些 socket unix 库，我的 cygwin 环境可能缺少这些库，但我无法找出错误的确切来源，这里是 BUILDING 中的一些相关行：
C++: This C++ subdirectory is all raw C++ code. There are no
external dependencies (besides standard UNIX socket code) or libraries
the C++ area needs.
The Makefile.Linux gives examples how to build some code:
% make -f Makefile.Linux all
... will build a bunch of sample programs as well 'libptools.so',
a standalone library for PicklingTools you can link against.
Probably the easist way to use Ptools in your own code is
to compile the libptools.so (using the given Makefile)
and link against it.
% Make -f Makefile.Linux libptools.so
In your own code, make sure you include the following flags to the
compiler (should work for Intel compiler and GNU compiler):
-fno-strict-aliasing -DLINUX_ -DOC_NEW_STYLE_INCLUDES -Wno-deprecated -I/home/me/PicklingTools160/C++/opencontainers_1_8_2/include -I/home/me/PicklingTools160/C++ -pthread -D_REENTRANT
我试过环顾四周，但找不到任何类似的东西可以提供帮助。
不幸的是，在较新版本的 make 中，load 是一个特殊词，当 load 用作目标时，make 会失败。实际上，这非常糟糕，因为它违反了 POSIX 等。有一个 Savannah bug open about this。您可以改用变量来解决此问题：
load = load
$(load) : $(COM_OBJS) load.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) load.o -o load
在使用第三方库时，我主要习惯于 dll 和 lib 扩展，我过去常常在我的 Windows 环境中使用 Visual Studio 轻松合并这些库。
但是这次，我尝试使用 PicklingTools，它有一个 MakeFile.Linux 文件，我一直在尝试使用来自 cygwin 的 make 构建它。
make 的版本是 4.3 而 g++ 的版本是 9.2.0。
这是完整的 MakeFile.Linux 源代码：
CC = g++
# CC = icc # Intel seems to work
## With g++ --version==4.4.x, you may need -fno-strict-aliasing to get rid
## of some annoying warnings when you compile with -O2 or above
# *****CAREFUL! g++ 4.5.1 20100924 DOES NOT WORK with Ptools and -O. You must
# compile without optimization for that compiler to work
OC = ./opencontainers_1_8_5
OCINC = $(OC)/include
CFLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -fpic -O -fno-strict-aliasing -DLINUX_ -DOC_NEW_STYLE_INCLUDES -Wno-deprecated -I$(OCINC) -pthread -D_REENTRANT
## How to build with OCString
##CFLAGS = -Wall -O4 -DLINUX_ -DOC_USE_OC_STRING -DOC_USE_OC_EXCEPTIONS -DOC_ONLY_NEEDED_STL -DOC_NEW_STYLE_INCLUDES -Wno-deprecated -I$(OCINC)
###### CFLAGS = -Wall -O4 -DLINUX_-DOC_NEW_STYLE_INCLUDES -Wno-deprecated -I$(OCINC)
CCFLAGS = -pthread $(CFLAGS)
COM_OBJS = m2pythontools.o valpython.o midassocket.o valprotocol2.o m2ser.o m2streamdataenc.o m2convertrep.o timeconv.o fdtools.o
OBJS = midastalker_ex.o midastalker_ex2.o httpclient_ex.o httpserver_ex.o $(COM_OBJS) load.o save.o sharedmemory.o
all: midasyeller_ex midastalker_ex midastalker_ex2 httpclient_ex midasserver_ex permutation_server permutation_client load save opal2dict dict2opal opaltest midasyeller_ex midaslistener_ex p2_test valgetopt_ex sharedmem_test ready_test xmlload_test xmlload_ex xmldump_test xmldump_ex speed_test pickleloader_test chooseser_test xml2dict dict2xml serverside_ex clientside_ex middleside_ex
.cc.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
libptools.so : $(COM_OBJS)
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) -shared -o libptools.so
midasserver_ex : $(COM_OBJS) midasserver_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midasserver_ex.o -pthread -o midasserver_ex
httpclient_ex : $(COM_OBJS) httpclient_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) httpclient_ex.o -pthread -o httpclient_ex
httpserver_ex : $(COM_OBJS) httpserver_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) httpserver_ex.o -pthread -o httpserver_ex
midasyeller_ex : $(COM_OBJS) midasyeller_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midasyeller_ex.o -pthread -o midasyeller_ex
midaslistener_ex : $(COM_OBJS) midaslistener_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midaslistener_ex.o -pthread -o midaslistener_ex
permutation_server : $(COM_OBJS) permutation_server.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) permutation_server.o -pthread -o permutation_server
permutation_client : $(COM_OBJS) permutation_client.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) permutation_client.o -pthread -o permutation_client
midastalker_ex :$(COM_OBJS) midastalker_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midastalker_ex.o -o midastalker_ex
midastalker_ex2 :$(COM_OBJS) midastalker_ex2.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) midastalker_ex2.o -o midastalker_ex2
load : $(COM_OBJS) load.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) load.o -o load
serverside_ex : $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o shmboot.o serverside_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o shmboot.o -lrt serverside_ex.o -o serverside_ex
middleside_ex : $(COM_OBJS) middleside_ex.o sharedmem.o shmboot.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o shmboot.o -l rt middleside_ex.o -o middleside_ex
clientside_ex : $(COM_OBJS) clientside_ex.o sharedmem.o shmboot.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o shmboot.o -lrt clientside_ex.o -o clientside_ex
samplehttpserver_ex : $(COM_OBJS) samplehttpserver_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) samplehttpserver_ex.o -o samplehttpserver_ex
save : $(COM_OBJS) save.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) save.o -o save
opal2dict : $(COM_OBJS) opal2dict.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) opal2dict.o -o opal2dict
opaltest : $(COM_OBJS) opaltest.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) opaltest.o -o opaltest
ready_test : $(COM_OBJS) ready_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) ready_test.o -o ready_test
chooseser_test : $(COM_OBJS) chooseser_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) chooseser_test.o -o chooseser_test
dict2opal : $(COM_OBJS) dict2opal.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) dict2opal.o -o dict2opal
pickleloader_test : $(COM_OBJS) pickleloader_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) pickleloader_test.o -o pickleloader_test -lrt
xmldump_test : $(COM_OBJS) xmldump_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xmldump_test.o -o xmldump_test -lrt
xmldump_ex : $(COM_OBJS) xmldump_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xmldump_ex.o -o xmldump_ex -lrt
xmlload_test : $(COM_OBJS) xmlload_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xmlload_test.o -o xmlload_test -lrt
xmlload_ex : $(COM_OBJS) xmlload_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xmlload_ex.o -o xmlload_ex -lrt
xml2dict : $(COM_OBJS) xml2dict.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) xml2dict.o -o xml2dict -lrt
dict2xml : $(COM_OBJS) dict2xml.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) dict2xml.o -o dict2xml -lrt
speed_test : $(COM_OBJS) speed_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) speed_test.o -o speed_test -lrt
p2_test : $(COM_OBJS) p2_test.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) p2_test.o -o p2_test -lrt
valgetopt_ex : $(COM_OBJS) valgetopt_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) valgetopt_ex.o -o valgetopt_ex
json_ex : $(COM_OBJS) json_ex.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) json_ex.o -o json_ex
# Only the tests that REALLY uses UNIX shared memory need the -lrt
sharedmem_test : $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem_test.o sharedmem.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o -lrt sharedmem_test.o -o sharedmem_test
# Only the tests that REALLY uses UNIX shared memory need the -lrt
checkshm_test : $(COM_OBJS) checkshm_test.o sharedmem.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) sharedmem.o -lrt checkshm_test.o -o checkshm_test
clean :
/bin/rm -rf *.o *.so *~ midastalker_ex midastalker_ex2 httpserver_ex httpclient_ex midasserver_ex midasyeller_ex midaslistener_ex permutation_server permutation_client load save cxx_repository opal2dict opaltest dict2opal p2_test valgetopt_ex json_ex sharedmem_test ready_test speed_test pickleloader_test chooseser_test xmldump_test xmldump_ex xmlload_test xmlload_ex xml2dict dict2xml samplehttpserver_ex serverside_ex clientside_ex middleside_ex checkshm_test
在使用 make -f MakeFile.Linux all 构建它（移动到该目录之后）时，我收到以下错误：
Makefile.Linux:61: The specified module could not be found.
Makefile.Linux:61: *** :: failed to load. Stop.
第 60-63 行是：
load : $(COM_OBJS) load.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) load.o -o load
以下是可用于 C++ 目录的文件：
BUILDING 文本文件提到它使用了一些 socket unix 库，我的 cygwin 环境可能缺少这些库，但我无法找出错误的确切来源，这里是 BUILDING 中的一些相关行：
C++: This C++ subdirectory is all raw C++ code. There are no
external dependencies (besides standard UNIX socket code) or libraries
the C++ area needs.
The Makefile.Linux gives examples how to build some code:
% make -f Makefile.Linux all
... will build a bunch of sample programs as well 'libptools.so',
a standalone library for PicklingTools you can link against.
Probably the easist way to use Ptools in your own code is
to compile the libptools.so (using the given Makefile)
and link against it.
% Make -f Makefile.Linux libptools.so
In your own code, make sure you include the following flags to the
compiler (should work for Intel compiler and GNU compiler):
-fno-strict-aliasing -DLINUX_ -DOC_NEW_STYLE_INCLUDES -Wno-deprecated -I/home/me/PicklingTools160/C++/opencontainers_1_8_2/include -I/home/me/PicklingTools160/C++ -pthread -D_REENTRANT
我试过环顾四周，但找不到任何类似的东西可以提供帮助。
不幸的是，在较新版本的 make 中，load 是一个特殊词，当 load 用作目标时，make 会失败。实际上，这非常糟糕，因为它违反了 POSIX 等。有一个 Savannah bug open about this。您可以改用变量来解决此问题：
load = load
$(load) : $(COM_OBJS) load.o
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(COM_OBJS) load.o -o load