由于 API 不兼容，Maven war 插件 3.0.0 出现问题

Question

我正在学习这个 JSF 教程 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/jsf/index.htm。我想我已经完成了那里写的所有事情（下载所有必需的软件，设置变量路径的环境等）但是我无法解决 Maven war 插件的编译问题。我已经阅读了很多问题和可能的解决方案，我想我已经尝试了大部分建议的组合（mvn clean 然后安装，设置 jdk 的正确版本，指向 jdk 目录jde，删除 .m2 存储库，强制升级项目等）。所以，我在这里，也许描述我的具体问题将有助于理解如何解决它。

mvn clean install 的输出：

[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:3.0.0:war (default-war) on project helloworld: Execution default-war of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:3.0.0:war failed: Unable to load the mojo 'war' in the plugin 'org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:3.0.0' due to an API incompatibility: org.codehaus.plexus.component.repository.exception.ComponentLookupException: null
[ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] realm =    plugin>org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:3.0.0
[ERROR] strategy = org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy
[ERROR] urls[0] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-war-plugin/3.0.0/maven-war-plugin-3.0.0.jar
[ERROR] urls[1] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/sisu/sisu-inject-bean/1.4.2/sisu-inject-bean-1.4.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[2] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/sisu/sisu-guice/2.1.7/sisu-guice-2.1.7-noaop.jar
[ERROR] urls[3] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/aether/aether-util/1.7/aether-util-1.7.jar
[ERROR] urls[4] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-component-annotations/1.6/plexus-component-annotations-1.6.jar
[ERROR] urls[5] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/plexus/plexus-sec-dispatcher/1.3/plexus-sec-dispatcher-1.3.jar
[ERROR] urls[6] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/plexus/plexus-cipher/1.4/plexus-cipher-1.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[7] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/maven-archiver/3.1.1/maven-archiver-3.1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[8] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-shared-utils/3.0.1/maven-shared-utils-3.0.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[9] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/commons-io/commons-io/2.5/commons-io-2.5.jar
[ERROR] urls[10] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-archiver/3.4/plexus-archiver-3.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[11] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-io/2.7.1/plexus-io-2.7.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[12] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/commons/commons-compress/1.11/commons-compress-1.11.jar
[ERROR] urls[13] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/iq80/snappy/snappy/0.4/snappy-0.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[14] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/tukaani/xz/1.5/xz-1.5.jar
[ERROR] urls[15] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-interpolation/1.22/plexus-interpolation-1.22.jar
[ERROR] urls[16] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.9/xstream-1.4.9.jar
[ERROR] urls[17] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[18] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/xpp3/xpp3_min/1.1.4c/xpp3_min-1.1.4c.jar
[ERROR] urls[19] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.24/plexus-utils-3.0.24.jar
[ERROR] urls[20] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-filtering/3.1.1/maven-filtering-3.1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[21] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/plexus/plexus-build-api/0.0.7/plexus-build-api-0.0.7.jar
[ERROR] urls[22] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-mapping/3.0.0/maven-mapping-3.0.0.jar
[ERROR] Number of foreign imports: 1
[ERROR] import: Entry[import  from realm ClassRealm[maven.api, parent: null]]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] : ExceptionInInitializerError: Unable to make field private final java.util.Comparator java.util.TreeMap.comparator accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.util" to unnamed module @6f798482
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]

Maven 版本：

Apache Maven 3.8.1 (05c21c65bdfed0f71a2f2ada8b84da59348c4c5d)
Maven home: C:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.8.1\bin\..
Java version: 16.0.1, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-16.0.1
Default locale: it_IT, platform encoding: Cp1252
OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64", family: "windows"

Java版本：

java version "16.0.1" 2021-04-20
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 16.0.1+9-24)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 16.0.1+9-24, mixed mode, sharing)

指向pom.xml第一行的Eclipse错误：https://i.ibb.co/t4CNwR3/problema4.png

pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.tutorialspoint.test</groupId>
  <artifactId>helloworld</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>helloworld Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.7</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.7</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  
  <build>
    <finalName>helloworld</finalName>
    <plugins>
    
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.3</version>
            <configuration>
               <source>16.0.1</source>
               <target>16.0.1</target>
               <compilerArgument>-Xlint:all</compilerArgument>
               <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
               <showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
            </configuration>
         </plugin>
         
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <webResources>
                   <resource>
                      <directory>WebContent</directory>
                   </resource>
                </webResources>
                <useCache>false</useCache>
            </configuration>
         </plugin>

    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

Answer 1

Maven 和 Java 的版本是最新的，但 war 插件版本不是。尝试使用最新版本，每个 website 是 3.3.1（在最初回答时）。

由于 API 不兼容，Maven war 插件 3.0.0 出现问题

Problem with Maven war plugin 3.0.0 due to an API incompatibility

java

eclipse

jsf

maven

maven-war-plugin