为什么我的应用程序能够 运行 在较新的设备上,但不能在较旧的设备上使用(向后兼容性 build.gradle 问题)?

Why is my app able to run on newer devices, but not older devices(backwards compatibility build.gradle issue)?

我正在开发一个 android 应用程序,我正在使用 JsonObjectRequest 和 Android 的 Volley。

我的应用程序似乎在 Android 的 Pixel XL API 30 上运行良好(打印出所需的输出),但不适用于 Android 的 Pixel 2 API 29,即使我在 build.gradle

中定义了 minSdkVersion 16

这是我的 build.gradle:

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 30
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.2"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.krish.parsedata"
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 30
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.+'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
    implementation 'com.android.volley:volley:1.2.0'
}

这是我的 MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    RequestQueue queue;
    String url = "https://www.google.com";
    String apiUrl = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos";
    String getApiUrl = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        queue = Volley.newRequestQueue(this);

        JsonObjectRequest jsonObjectRequest = new JsonObjectRequest(Request.Method.GET,
                getApiUrl, null, new Response.Listener<JSONObject>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(JSONObject response) {
                try {
                    Log.d("url", "onCreate: " + response.getString("title"));
                } catch (JSONException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, new Response.ErrorListener() {
            @Override
            public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
                Log.d("url2", "There was an error");
            }
        });
        queue.add(jsonObjectRequest);



    }

}

谢谢!

更新:这不断出现:

Android Studio is using the following JDK location when running Gradle:
                /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jre/jdk/Contents/Home
                Using different JDK locations on different processes might cause Gradle to
                spawn multiple daemons, for example, by executing Gradle tasks from a terminal
                while using Android Studio.

清单:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.krish.parsedata">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.ParseData">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

更新:它适用于所有 API 30 级设备,但不适用于任何更低级别的设备,我尝试更改最小 sdk 版本、编译 sdk 版本和构建 sdk 版本,但没有成功。不知道该怎么办。帮助将不胜感激。谢谢。

我发现错误了。问题与我的代码或构建配置无关,是模拟器本身。我deleted/re-installed模拟器,一切正常。

希望这对遇到同样问题的人有所帮助。