类和 Tkinter 中的样式

Question

我还在 Python 的第一周，如果这是一个明显的错误，我很抱歉...

我想在 Tkinter 中设计一个带有圆角的框架，因此我得到了一个 base64 编码的图像，我在这个答案 () 之后使用 ttk.Style 应用它并且工作正常。

我现在的问题是将其改编成 Class 结构化程序，框架根本不显示。

我在下面的代码中复制了问题。

第一个 window 显示问题，第二个

我该如何进行这项工作？当我没有将框架打包到主 window 而是打包到另一个框架时，是否会出现任何新的冲突？

提前致谢！

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk


borderImageData = '''
    R0lGODlhQABAAPcAAHx+fMTCxKSipOTi5JSSlNTS1LSytPTy9IyKjMzKzKyq
    rOzq7JyanNza3Ly6vPz6/ISChMTGxKSmpOTm5JSWlNTW1LS2tPT29IyOjMzO
    zKyurOzu7JyenNze3Ly+vPz+/OkAKOUA5IEAEnwAAACuQACUAAFBAAB+AFYd
    QAC0AABBAAB+AIjMAuEEABINAAAAAHMgAQAAAAAAAAAAAKjSxOIEJBIIpQAA
    sRgBMO4AAJAAAHwCAHAAAAUAAJEAAHwAAP+eEP8CZ/8Aif8AAG0BDAUAAJEA
    AHwAAIXYAOfxAIESAHwAAABAMQAbMBZGMAAAIEggJQMAIAAAAAAAfqgaXESI
    5BdBEgB+AGgALGEAABYAAAAAAACsNwAEAAAMLwAAAH61MQBIAABCM8B+AAAU
    AAAAAAAApQAAsf8Brv8AlP8AQf8Afv8AzP8A1P8AQf8AfgAArAAABAAADAAA
    AACQDADjAAASAAAAAACAAADVABZBAAB+ALjMwOIEhxINUAAAANIgAOYAAIEA
    AHwAAGjSAGEEABYIAAAAAEoBB+MAAIEAAHwCACABAJsAAFAAAAAAAGjJAGGL
    AAFBFgB+AGmIAAAQAABHAAB+APQoAOE/ABIAAAAAAADQAADjAAASAAAAAPiF
    APcrABKDAAB8ABgAGO4AAJAAqXwAAHAAAAUAAJEAAHwAAP8AAP8AAP8AAP8A
    AG0pIwW3AJGSAHx8AEocI/QAAICpAHwAAAA0SABk6xaDEgB8AAD//wD//wD/
    /wD//2gAAGEAABYAAAAAAAC0/AHj5AASEgAAAAA01gBkWACDTAB8AFf43PT3
    5IASEnwAAOAYd+PuMBKQTwB8AGgAEGG35RaSEgB8AOj/NOL/ZBL/gwD/fMkc
    q4sA5UGpEn4AAIg02xBk/0eD/358fx/4iADk5QASEgAAAALnHABkAACDqQB8
    AMyINARkZA2DgwB8fBABHL0AAEUAqQAAAIAxKOMAPxIwAAAAAIScAOPxABIS
    AAAAAIIAnQwA/0IAR3cAACwAAAAAQABAAAAI/wA/CBxIsKDBgwgTKlzIsKFD
    gxceNnxAsaLFixgzUrzAsWPFCw8kDgy5EeQDkBxPolypsmXKlx1hXnS48UEH
    CwooMCDAgIJOCjx99gz6k+jQnkWR9lRgYYDJkAk/DlAgIMICkVgHLoggQIPT
    ighVJqBQIKvZghkoZDgA8uDJAwk4bDhLd+ABBmvbjnzbgMKBuoA/bKDQgC1F
    gW8XKMgQOHABBQsMI76wIIOExo0FZIhM8sKGCQYCYA4cwcCEDSYPLOgg4Oro
    uhMEdOB84cCAChReB2ZQYcGGkxsGFGCgGzCFCh1QH5jQIW3xugwSzD4QvIIH
    4s/PUgiQYcCG4BkC5P/ObpaBhwreq18nb3Z79+8Dwo9nL9I8evjWsdOX6D59
    fPH71Xeef/kFyB93/sln4EP2Ebjegg31B5+CEDLUIH4PVqiQhOABqKFCF6qn
    34cHcfjffCQaFOJtGaZYkIkUuljQigXK+CKCE3po40A0trgjjDru+EGPI/6I
    Y4co7kikkAMBmaSNSzL5gZNSDjkghkXaaGIBHjwpY4gThJeljFt2WSWYMQpZ
    5pguUnClehS4tuMEDARQgH8FBMBBBExGwIGdAxywXAUBKHCZkAIoEEAFp33W
    QGl47ZgBAwZEwKigE1SQgAUCUDCXiwtQIIAFCTQwgaCrZeCABAzIleIGHDD/
    oIAHGUznmXABGMABT4xpmBYBHGgAKGq1ZbppThgAG8EEAW61KwYMSOBAApdy
    pNp/BkhAAQLcEqCTt+ACJW645I5rLrgEeOsTBtwiQIEElRZg61sTNBBethSw
    CwEA/Pbr778ABywwABBAgAAG7xpAq6mGUUTdAPZ6YIACsRKAAbvtZqzxxhxn
    jDG3ybbKFHf36ZVYpuE5oIGhHMTqcqswvyxzzDS/HDMHEiiggQMLDxCZXh8k
    BnEBCQTggAUGGKCB0ktr0PTTTEfttNRQT22ABR4EkEABDXgnGUEn31ZABglE
    EEAAWaeN9tpqt832221HEEECW6M3wc+Hga3SBgtMODBABw00UEEBgxdO+OGG
    J4744oZzXUEDHQxwN7F5G7QRdXxPoPkAnHfu+eeghw665n1vIKhJBQUEADs=
'''


class Application(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        style = ttk.Style()
        style.theme_use('clam')
        borderImage = tk.PhotoImage("borderImage", data=borderImageData)
        style.element_create("RoundedFrame", "image", borderImage, border=16, sticky="nsew")
        style.layout("RoundedFrame", [("RoundedFrame", {"sticky": "nsew"})])
        

        frame = ttk.Frame(self, style = "RoundedFrame", padding = 10)
        frame.pack()

        entry = tk.Entry(frame, borderwidth = 0, width = 40)
        entry.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
        
        
        
app = Application()
app.mainloop()




root = tk.Tk()


style = ttk.Style()
style.theme_use('clam')
borderImage = tk.PhotoImage("borderImage", data=borderImageData)
style.element_create("RoundedFrame", "image", borderImage, border=16, sticky="nsew")
style.layout("RoundedFrame", [("RoundedFrame", {"sticky": "nsew"})])
            

frame = ttk.Frame(root, style = "RoundedFrame", padding = 10)
frame.pack()

entry = tk.Entry(frame, borderwidth = 0, width = 40)
entry.pack(fill="both", expand=True)


root.mainloop()

Answer 1

问题是 python 垃圾回收破坏了 PhotoImage 实例。您需要保留对它的引用（这也在文档中的某处）。无论如何，您可能只想将大部分内容保存为属性：

class Application(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        self.style = ttk.Style()
        self.style.theme_use('clam')
        self.borderImage = tk.PhotoImage("borderImage", data=borderImageData)
        self.style.element_create("RoundedFrame", "image", self.borderImage, border=16, sticky="nsew")
        self.style.layout("RoundedFrame", [("RoundedFrame", {"sticky": "nsew"})])

        self.frame = ttk.Frame(self, style="RoundedFrame", padding=10)
        self.frame.pack()

        self.entry = tk.Entry(self.frame, borderwidth=0, width=40)
        self.entry.pack(fill="both", expand=True)

适合我。

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