如何在不出现空指针异常的情况下正确注入服务 class?

How can I inject a service class properly without getting nullpointer exception?

我正在开发一个 Spring 引导应用程序,我正在尝试将我的 UserService class 注入我的 TenantIdentifierResolver class 因为我想使用 createUser() 方法。但是我得到一个空指针异常。由于某种原因,userService 设置为 null,我在这里缺少什么?

@Component
public class TenantIdentifierResolver implements CurrentTenantIdentifierResolver {

    public static final String DEFAULT_TENANT = "default_schema";

    private UserService userService;

    @Override
    public String resolveCurrentTenantIdentifier() {
        String tenant =  TenantContext.getCurrentTenant();
        if(tenant != null){
            userService.createUser(tenant);
            return tenant;
        } else {
            return DEFAULT_TENANT;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean validateExistingCurrentSessions() {
        return true;
    }
}

我尝试使用@Autowired 或进行构造函数注入,但随后出现此错误:

application context中部分bean的依赖关系形成一个循环:

┌─────┐
|  entityManagerFactory defined in class path resource [org/example/membership/config/HibernateConfig.class]
↑     ↓
|  tenantIdentifierResolver (field private org.example.membership.service.UserService org.example.membership.multitenancy.TenantIdentifierResolver.userService)
↑     ↓
|  userService defined in file [C:\project\Member\server\target\classes\org\example\membership\service\UserService.class]
↑     ↓
|  userRepository defined in org.example.membership.repository.UserRepository defined in @EnableJpaRepositories declared on JpaRepositoriesRegistrar.EnableJpaRepositoriesConfiguration
↑     ↓
|  (inner bean)#18957a3d
└─────┘

这是我的 UserService class

@Service
public class UserService {

    private UserRepository userRepository;
    private TenantService tenantService;

    public UserService(UserRepository repository, TenantService tenantService) {
        this.userRepository = repository;
        this.tenantService = tenantService;
    }

    @Transactional
    public User createUser(String tenant) {
        Tenant tenant = new Tenant();
        tenant.setTenantName(tenant);
        tenantService.initDatabase(tenant);
        return tenant ;
    }
}

这是我的 HibernateConfig class

@Configuration
public class HibernateConfig {
    @Autowired
    private JpaProperties jpaProperties;

    @Bean
    JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter() {
        return new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
    }

        @Bean
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(
        DataSource dataSource,
        MultiTenantConnectionProvider multiTenantConnectionProviderImpl,
        CurrentTenantIdentifierResolver currentTenantIdentifierResolverImpl
    ) {

        Map<String, Object> jpaPropertiesMap = new HashMap<>(jpaProperties.getProperties());
      jpaPropertiesMap.put(Environment.MULTI_TENANT, MultiTenancyStrategy.SCHEMA);
      jpaPropertiesMap.put(Environment.MULTI_TENANT_CONNECTION_PROVIDER, multiTenantConnectionProviderImpl);       
      jpaPropertiesMap.put(Environment.MULTI_TENANT_IDENTIFIER_RESOLVER, currentTenantIdentifierResolverImpl);

        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean em = new 
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        em.setDataSource(dataSource);
        em.setPackagesToScan("org.example*");
        em.setJpaVendorAdapter(this.jpaVendorAdapter());
        em.setJpaPropertyMap(jpaPropertiesMap);
        return em;
    }
}

您没有注入依赖项。您应该使用构造函数注入:

private final UserService userService;

public TenantIdentifierResolver(UserService userService) {
    this.userService = userService;
}

或者,如果您愿意,可以使用属性注入:

@Autowired
private UserService userService;

您在这里遇到的问题称为循环依赖。当两个组件需要彼此的 bean 时,就会发生这种情况。 Spring不知道先创建哪个。您可以在此处阅读更多相关信息 www.netjstech.com/2018/03/circular-dependency-in-spring-framework.html

Easiset 解决方案是在其中一个组件中实施基于 setter 的自动布线。

@Component
public class TenantIdentifierResolver {

   private UserService userService;

   public UserService userService() {
       return userService;
   }

   @Autowired
   public void setUserService(final UserService userService) {
       this.userService = userService;
   }
}

最后你必须解决循环依赖,无论你使用什么注入类型,或者如果你诉诸惰性注入等等

目前您的 entityManagerFactory 需要 userService bean(通过 tenantIdentifierResolver),它本身需要 entityManagerFactory。那是一个糟糕的架构。您可以从 tenantIdentifierResolver 中删除对 userService 的调用,或者更改它以便在那里不使用与 JPA 相关的功能(即,如果您确实需要即时创建 tenants/users,请使用纯 JDBC在那里打电话)。那么你已经打破了依赖循环,一切都应该工作。

@Autowired
private UserService userService;

至于循环依赖问题,我觉得你应该尽量避免。