为什么我的 Environ 导入不导入 .env 变量？
Why does my Environ import doesn't import .env variables?
我正在构建 Django 应用程序，但遇到了问题。我已经导入了 environ 包，以便将我所有的变量存储在一个 .env 文件中，但实际上我的应用程序似乎没有读取它，我不明白为什么。
这是我的 .env 文件：
DEBUG=True
SECRET_KEY='<SECRET>'
DB_NAME=<SECRET>
DB_USER=<SECRET>
DB_PASSWORD=<SECRET>
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=
EMAIL_HOST=
EMAIL_HOST_USER=
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD=
EMAIL_PORT=
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL=<SECRET>
这是我的 settings.py 文件：
from pathlib import Path
import environ
env = environ.Env(
DEBUG=(bool, False)
)
READ_DOT_ENV_FILE = env.bool('READ_DOT_ENV_FILE', default=False)
if READ_DOT_ENV_FILE:
environ.Env.read_env()
DEBUG = env('DEBUG')
SECRET_KEY = env('SECRET_KEY')
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'whitenoise.runserver_nostatic',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Third party apps
'crispy_forms',
'crispy_tailwind',
'tailwind',
'theme',
# Local apps
'leads',
'agents',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'djcrm.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [ BASE_DIR / "templates" ],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'djcrm.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': env("DB_NAME"),
'USER': env("DB_USER"),
'PASSWORD': env("DB_PASSWORD"),
'HOST': env("DB_HOST"),
'PORT': env("DB_PORT"),
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
BASE_DIR / "static"
]
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = "media_root"
STATIC_ROOT = "static_root"
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage'
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'leads.User'
EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend"
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = "/leads"
LOGIN_URL = "/login"
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = "/"
CRISPY_ALLOWED_TEMPLATE_PACKS = "tailwind"
CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'tailwind'
if not DEBUG:
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True
SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER = True
SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF = True
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 31536000 # 1 year
SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS = True
SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD = True
X_FRAME_OPTIONS = "DENY"
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]
EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend"
EMAIL_HOST = env("EMAIL_HOST")
EMAIL_HOST_USER = env("EMAIL_HOST_USER")
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = env("EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD")
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_PORT = env("EMAIL_PORT")
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = env("DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL")
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'handlers': {
'console': {
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
},
},
'root': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'WARNING',
},
}
TAILWIND_APP_NAME = 'theme'
当我 运行 python manage.py runserver 命令（或任何其他命令 btw）时，我收到此错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py", line 273, in get_value
value = self.ENVIRON[var]
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.2_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/os.py", line 679, in __getitem__
raise KeyError(key) from None
KeyError: 'SECRET_KEY'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
main()
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/manage.py", line 18, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 395, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 61, in execute
super().execute(*args, **options)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 371, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 68, in handle
if not settings.DEBUG and not settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS:
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 83, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 70, in _setup
self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 177, in __init__
mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.2_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 790, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/djcrm/settings.py", line 13, in <module>
SECRET_KEY = env('SECRET_KEY')
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py", line 123, in __call__
return self.get_value(var, cast=cast, default=default, parse_default=parse_default)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py", line 277, in get_value
raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Set the SECRET_KEY environment variable
现在，如果我将密钥硬编码到 settings.py 中，错误将变为：
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Set the DB_NAME environment variable
据我所知，settings.py 似乎根本没有读取 .env 中的所有变量，但我不知道如何解决这个问题。我能做什么？
编辑：问题已解决
这比我想象的要容易。我忘记输入终端 export READ_DOT_ENV_FILE=True 以便在开发中启用文件读取。
感谢所有帮助我的人！
祝你有愉快的一天
确保您的 .env 文件与 settings.py.
位于同一目录中
这可能是一条艰难的道路
为控制台中的每个变量尝试以下代码
export SECRET_KEY='<SECRET>'
问题已解决
这比我想象的要容易。我忘记在终端中输入 export READ_DOT_ENV_FILE=True 以便在开发中启用文件读取。
感谢所有帮助我的人！
祝你有愉快的一天
我正在构建 Django 应用程序，但遇到了问题。我已经导入了 environ 包，以便将我所有的变量存储在一个 .env 文件中，但实际上我的应用程序似乎没有读取它，我不明白为什么。
这是我的 .env 文件：
DEBUG=True
SECRET_KEY='<SECRET>'
DB_NAME=<SECRET>
DB_USER=<SECRET>
DB_PASSWORD=<SECRET>
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=
EMAIL_HOST=
EMAIL_HOST_USER=
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD=
EMAIL_PORT=
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL=<SECRET>
这是我的 settings.py 文件：
from pathlib import Path
import environ
env = environ.Env(
DEBUG=(bool, False)
)
READ_DOT_ENV_FILE = env.bool('READ_DOT_ENV_FILE', default=False)
if READ_DOT_ENV_FILE:
environ.Env.read_env()
DEBUG = env('DEBUG')
SECRET_KEY = env('SECRET_KEY')
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'whitenoise.runserver_nostatic',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Third party apps
'crispy_forms',
'crispy_tailwind',
'tailwind',
'theme',
# Local apps
'leads',
'agents',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'djcrm.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [ BASE_DIR / "templates" ],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'djcrm.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': env("DB_NAME"),
'USER': env("DB_USER"),
'PASSWORD': env("DB_PASSWORD"),
'HOST': env("DB_HOST"),
'PORT': env("DB_PORT"),
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
BASE_DIR / "static"
]
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = "media_root"
STATIC_ROOT = "static_root"
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage'
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'leads.User'
EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend"
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = "/leads"
LOGIN_URL = "/login"
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = "/"
CRISPY_ALLOWED_TEMPLATE_PACKS = "tailwind"
CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'tailwind'
if not DEBUG:
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True
SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER = True
SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF = True
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 31536000 # 1 year
SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS = True
SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD = True
X_FRAME_OPTIONS = "DENY"
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]
EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend"
EMAIL_HOST = env("EMAIL_HOST")
EMAIL_HOST_USER = env("EMAIL_HOST_USER")
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = env("EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD")
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_PORT = env("EMAIL_PORT")
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = env("DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL")
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'handlers': {
'console': {
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
},
},
'root': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'WARNING',
},
}
TAILWIND_APP_NAME = 'theme'
当我 运行 python manage.py runserver 命令（或任何其他命令 btw）时，我收到此错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py", line 273, in get_value
value = self.ENVIRON[var]
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.2_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/os.py", line 679, in __getitem__
raise KeyError(key) from None
KeyError: 'SECRET_KEY'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
main()
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/manage.py", line 18, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 395, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 61, in execute
super().execute(*args, **options)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 371, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 68, in handle
if not settings.DEBUG and not settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS:
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 83, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 70, in _setup
self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 177, in __init__
mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.2_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 790, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/djcrm/settings.py", line 13, in <module>
SECRET_KEY = env('SECRET_KEY')
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py", line 123, in __call__
return self.get_value(var, cast=cast, default=default, parse_default=parse_default)
File "/Users/davidemancuso/Dev/django-crm/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py", line 277, in get_value
raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Set the SECRET_KEY environment variable
现在，如果我将密钥硬编码到 settings.py 中，错误将变为：
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Set the DB_NAME environment variable
据我所知，settings.py 似乎根本没有读取 .env 中的所有变量，但我不知道如何解决这个问题。我能做什么？
编辑：问题已解决
这比我想象的要容易。我忘记输入终端 export READ_DOT_ENV_FILE=True 以便在开发中启用文件读取。
感谢所有帮助我的人！
祝你有愉快的一天
确保您的 .env 文件与 settings.py.
位于同一目录中这可能是一条艰难的道路
为控制台中的每个变量尝试以下代码
export SECRET_KEY='<SECRET>'
问题已解决
这比我想象的要容易。我忘记在终端中输入 export READ_DOT_ENV_FILE=True 以便在开发中启用文件读取。
感谢所有帮助我的人！
祝你有愉快的一天