在c中对二维字符串数组进行排序

Question

我正在尝试对包含以下信息的文件进行排序

  Easy,Category 3 hurricane,5-Sep,1950
  King,Category 4 hurricane,18-Oct,1950
  Florence,Category 1 hurricane,26-Sep,1953
  Hazel,Category 1 hurricane,9-Oct,1953
  Flossy,Category 1 hurricane,24-Sep,1956
  Donna,Category 4 hurricane,10-Sep,1960
  Cleo,Category 2 hurricane,27-Aug,1964
  Dora,Category 2 hurricane,10-Sep,1964
  Isbell,Category 2 hurricane,14-Oct,1964
  Betsy,Category 3 hurricane,8-Sep,1965
  Alma,Category 2 hurricane,9-Jun,1966
  Inez,Category 1 hurricane,8-Oct,1966
  Gladys,Category 2 hurricane,19-Oct,1968
  Agnes,Category 1 hurricane,19-Jun,1972
  Eloise,Category 3 hurricane,23-Sep,1975
  David,Category 2 hurricane,3-Sep,1979
  Elena,Category 3 hurricane,1-Sep,1985
  Kate,Category 2 hurricane,21-Nov,1985
  Floyd,Category 1 hurricane,12-Oct,1987
  Andrew,Category 5 hurricane,24-Aug,1992
  Erin,Category 2 hurricane,3-Aug,1995
  Opal,Category 3 hurricane,4-Oct,1995
  Earl,Category 1 hurricane,3-Sep,1998
  Georges,Category 2 hurricane,25-Sep,1998
  Irene,Category 1 hurricane,15-Oct,1999
  Charley,Category 4 hurricane,13-Aug,2004
  Frances,Category 2 hurricane,5-Sep,2004
  Ivan,Category 3 hurricane,16-Sep,2004
  Jeanne,Category 3 hurricane,26-Sep,2004
  Dennis,Category 3 hurricane,10-Jul,2005
  Katrina,Category 1 hurricane,25-Aug,2005
  Rita,Category 1 hurricane,20-Sep,2005
  Wilma,Category 3 hurricane,24-Oct,2005
  Hermine,Category 1 hurricane,2-Sep,2016
  Matthew,Category 2 hurricane,7-Oct,2016
  Irma,Category 4 hurricane,10-Sep,2017
  Michael,Category 5 hurricane,10-Oct,2018

我正在使用此代码。

#include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
 
  #define NUM_LINES 37
  #define LINE_LENGTH 60
 
 
  void print(void);
  void select_sort_str(char list[][LINE_LENGTH], int n);
  int alpha_first(char list[][LINE_LENGTH], int min_sub, int max_sub);
 
 
  int main (void){
  //store each line in an array of strings
      FILE *inp;
      FILE *outp;
      char hurr[NUM_LINES][LINE_LENGTH];
 
      inp = fopen("hurricanes.csv","r");
      outp = fopen("out.txt","w");
      int num;
 
  //read in lines from file
      for (int i = 0; i<NUM_LINES; i++){
          fgets(hurr[i], LINE_LENGTH, inp);
      }
      inp = fopen("hurricanes.cvs","r");
 
      //printf("%s", hurr[0]);
  //define function
           
      select_sort_str(hurr, NUM_LINES);
 
 
  return(0);
  }
 
 
  int
  alpha_first(char list[][LINE_LENGTH],       // input - array of pointers to strings
              int min_sub,        // input - min and max subscripts of
              int max_sub)        //    portion of list to consider
  {
      int first, i;
 
      first = min_sub;
      for (i = min_sub + 1; i <= max_sub; ++i) {
          if (strcmp(list[i], list[first]) < 0) {
              first = i;
          }
      }
      return (first);
  }
 
  /*
   * Orders the pointers in an array list so they access strings in
   * alphabetical order
   * Pre: first n elements of list reference string of uniform case;
   *      n >= 0
   */
  void
  select_sort_str(char list[][LINE_LENGTH],   // input/output - array of pointers being
                                  // ordered to acces strings alphabetically
                  int n)          // input - number of elements to sort
  {
      int fill,           // index of element to contain next string in order
          index_of_min;   // index of next string in order
      char *temp;
 
  for (fill = 0; fill < n - 1; ++fill) {
          index_of_min = alpha_first(list, fill, n - 1);
 
          if (index_of_min != fill) {
              temp = list[index_of_min];
              list[index_of_min][LINE_LENGTH] = list[fill][LINE_LENGTH];
              list[fill][LINE_LENGTH] = *temp;
          }
      }
      for( int i =0; i<NUM_LINES; i++){
          printf("%s", list[i]);
      }
 
  }

但是当我执行代码时，输出没有正确排序。输出看起来像这样

Easy,Category 3 hurricane,5-Sep,1950
Aing,Category 4 hurricane,18-Oct,1950
Alorence,Category 1 hurricane,26-Sep,1953
Aazel,Category 1 hurricane,9-Oct,1953
Flossy,Category 1 hurricane,24-Sep,1956
Aonna,Category 4 hurricane,10-Sep,1960
Aleo,Category 2 hurricane,27-Aug,1964
Aora,Category 2 hurricane,10-Sep,1964
Asbell,Category 2 hurricane,14-Oct,1964
Aetsy,Category 3 hurricane,8-Sep,1965
Alma,Category 2 hurricane,9-Jun,1966
Anez,Category 1 hurricane,8-Oct,1966
Aladys,Category 2 hurricane,19-Oct,1968
Agnes,Category 1 hurricane,19-Jun,1972
Aloise,Category 3 hurricane,23-Sep,1975
David,Category 2 hurricane,3-Sep,1979
Alena,Category 3 hurricane,1-Sep,1985
Kate,Category 2 hurricane,21-Nov,1985
Aloyd,Category 1 hurricane,12-Oct,1987
Andrew,Category 5 hurricane,24-Aug,1992
Frin,Category 2 hurricane,3-Aug,1995
Cpal,Category 3 hurricane,4-Oct,1995
Carl,Category 1 hurricane,3-Sep,1998
Georges,Category 2 hurricane,25-Sep,1998
Crene,Category 1 hurricane,15-Oct,1999
Charley,Category 4 hurricane,13-Aug,2004
Crances,Category 2 hurricane,5-Sep,2004
Ivan,Category 3 hurricane,16-Sep,2004
Deanne,Category 3 hurricane,26-Sep,2004
Dennis,Category 3 hurricane,10-Jul,2005
Jatrina,Category 1 hurricane,25-Aug,2005
Hita,Category 1 hurricane,20-Sep,2005
Hilma,Category 3 hurricane,24-Oct,2005
Hermine,Category 1 hurricane,2-Sep,2016
Hatthew,Category 2 hurricane,7-Oct,2016
Hrma,Category 4 hurricane,10-Sep,2017
Michael,Category 5 hurricane,10-Oct,2018

我可以看出我的代码正在以某种方式对其进行排序，但我无法找到它不按名称字母顺序排序的原因。请让我知道你的想法。

编译时也没有错误，只有一些关于我还没有使用的变量的警告。

Answer 1

以下部分在某些方面存在问题：

          if (index_of_min != fill) {
              temp = list[index_of_min];
              list[index_of_min][LINE_LENGTH] = list[fill][LINE_LENGTH];
              list[fill][LINE_LENGTH] = *temp;
          }

首先，您交换的是单个字符，而不是一系列字符（字符串）。您必须声明另一个字符数组并使用该缓冲区将整个字符串与 strncpy.

交换

其次，您正在访问 list[*][LINE_LENGTH]，这是越界的。这会导致未定义的行为，在这种情况下，它会写入下一行的第一个元素（list[fill][LINE_LENGTH] => list[fill+1][0].

此外，您有 inp = fopen("hurricanes.cvs","r");，我认为应该是 csv。正如 Jonathan Leffler 所提到的，将在项目中使用的字符串保留为变量是个好主意。

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